| 摘要: | 自蘇聯崩解後，新興中亞五國頓失宗主國庇護，在各自發展道路上多桀，且面臨內外多重嚴峻挑戰。在內部問題上，不論是黨派與政府間對抗、經濟上先天結構不完整、毒品走私氾濫、民族複雜的衝突和極端伊斯蘭建國主義等問題，中亞五國均面臨著歷史遺留下來，不易解決的結構性難題。在外來挑戰上，由地緣政治和權力政治的觀點視之，蘇聯瓦解代表著俄羅斯勢力的衰退，造成此一區域權力真空狀態。豐富的能源和優越的地緣位置，更成為強權爭奪此一區域重要誘因。中亞從其獨立那一刻起，就因其獨特的地緣政治地位、重要的能源經濟價值和敏感的宗教文化特徵，註定成為世界強權競逐全球戰略利益的重要一環。「9.11」恐怖攻擊事件後，美國圖藉全球反恐行動及攻打阿富汗之際，與中亞諸國發展緊密的合作關係，俾確保本身在該地區的影響力，旨在圍堵中國大陸，因此，在倡導和諧世界觀與推行睦鄰外交政策的影響下，中亞地區成為中國大陸關注的重要地區之一，成立「上海合作組」，提出新「絲綢之路經濟帶」等倡議，其目的，除促進中亞地區和平、穩定與維護中國的國家利益外;另一方面則有助於中國大陸突破美國的圍堵。本文經研究發現，中國大陸領導階層對國家安全形勢的看法，常常是決定中國大陸地緣戰略的主要變數，因此欲瞭解中國在中亞的地緣戰略與外交作為，首須瞭解中亞地緣政治對中國大陸之影響力；另中國如何根據中亞的地緣政治因素結和本身的地緣戰略來策定其中亞政策。不同的戰略思維將深深的影響中國之外交作為，此為本篇論文探討研究之宗旨。
After the collapse of the former Soviet Union, the five newly emerged Central Asian countries lost the protection of their home countries and faced with serious obstacles from within and without on their way of development. In terms of its domestic problems, the five Central Asian states face the historical legacy of structural problems that are uneasy to solve: the confrontation between the political parties and the secular government, the incomplete economic structure by nature, as well as the issue of drug abuse,and the complex ethnic and religious conflicts involved in the nation building doctrine of radical Islam.In terms of the external challenges, from the geopolitical point of view and the view of power politics,the collapse of the Soviet Union represents the decline of the Russian forces, which results in a power vacuum in this area. Its rich energy and superior geopolitical position may attract big power competition for this area. From the day of its independence, Central Asia, with its unique geopolitical position, its energy of high economic value, its sensitive religious and cultural characteristics, is destined to become a region targeted by the world’s great powers for its global strategic interests.
After the September 11 terrorist attacks, by attacking Afghanistan in the name of global action against terrorism, the United States took the opportunity to strengthen close working relationships with Central Asian countries to ensure its influence in the region and to restrain Communist China. Under the influence of advocating a view of a harmonious world and implementing the Good Neighbor Policy, Central Asia has become one of the major concerns of China, where Shanghai Cooperation Organization was established to strengthen the partnership with the Central Asian countries, especially in the aspects of politics, security, trade, and energy. On the one hand, the organization aims to promote regional peace and stability and maintain the Communist Chinese Party’s national interests; on the other hand, the organization helps to have a breakthrough in countering the U.S. containment strategy. The study concludes that Communist China, as a newly developing world power, has emphasized her regional interests in Central Asia. China leaders’ views on the national security situation determine the main variables in her geopolitical strategy toward Central Asia. Communist China plans their Central Asia policies in accrodrance with the Central Asia’s geopolitical factor and their geostrategies. Different strategic thinking will have a great influence on the Communist Chinese Party’s diplomacy and strategy culture. |
