| 摘要: | 司馬庫斯部落是位於新竹縣尖石鄉的泰雅族部落，近年來因發現神木群，開始發展生態旅遊成為一著名的觀光景點。該部落為求發展均衡，經部落長老討論決議實行共同經營管理制度，該制度自2001年以來，發展已逾十年，途中不免經過難題及遭遇挫折，但在族人共同的努力下此制度不僅更加嚴謹且配套措施也趨於完善，也將共同經營演變成為土地共有、共享，以全族人的力量抵抗土地的分化。本研究透過相關文獻分析、深度訪談來證實司馬庫斯部落實行共同經營管理模式10年來是否屬於成功，以及對於此制度現況及面臨的課題做出建議及SWOT分析，提出未來發展可能需要突破的困境，並探討此模式是否值得其他原住民部落發展時的借鏡。
研究發現，司馬庫斯共同經營管理組織可以被視為一種學習性的組織，部落的居民彼此之間藉由相互學習的過程，持續保持自己與部落、共同經營組織之間的調適能力。司馬庫斯共同經營管理組織為了成就共同的理想所掌握的核心價值並非來自於實體的資產，而是來自於部落族人之間的組織能力；以「人」做為司馬庫斯共同經營管理模式的關鍵成功要素，司馬庫斯部落所掌握的這種資源，不但能夠讓司馬庫斯共同經營管理制度永續運作下去，更可以讓這個共同經營管理組織持續地掌握、創造、以及強化司馬庫斯部落的主體優勢。
在未來建議上，本研究認為，為了維持吸引外來觀光客以對司馬庫斯部落的經濟發展有幫助，在空間設計上必須以富有泰雅文化的傳統建物取代過於現代化外貌的建物；司馬庫斯部落可以與周遭的其他聚落合作，互通有無，讓彼此的資源流通；司馬庫斯部落如果可以將其共同經營管理制度的理念散播到周遭的聚落，將能強化合作的功效；共同經營管理組織可以聘請熟悉傳統部落文化、生態經營、自然環境維護的空間規劃師，來替部落進行整體規劃；建議司馬庫斯共同經營管理組織架構能夠朝扁平化，使組織員工的意見及建議可以被管理階層接納。
Smangus is a burgeoned ecotourism landscape located at Hsinchu County, it is celebrated for the Atayal cultures as well as the divine trees. For balancing the economic development and natural environment, the elders of tribe determined to implement a cooperative system Co-Management Model from 2001. For decades, this system brings advantages to Smangus and simultaneously confronts some difficulties, the study is to discuss how Co-Management Model success and what difficulties would be encountered with in the future by analyzing with relevant literature, in-depth interviews, and SWOT analysis. The results would become a paradigm for the development of aboriginal tribes.
The results demonstrate that Co-Management Model is a type of learning organization that all the members in this system are able to learn and adapt to the complex milieu between self, tribe, and values came from outside Smangus. Furthermore, the core of Co-Management Model is not coming from substantial assets but the organizational capability of man, people is the critical success factor for the institution; by maintaining manpower, Co-Management Model is capable of controlling, creating, and enforcing the superiority of Smangus.
As for the suggestions, the study recommends that the modern or contemporary design of space and landscapes should be replaced with Atayal-cultural style to appeal to more tourists. Smangus tribe could try to cooperative with other tribes adjacent to one and another, to interflow scarce resources. Smangus could disseminate the idea of Co-Management Model to the tribes neighbored in order to reinforce the efficacy of cooperation. Moreover, Smangus could recruit the professionals who are familiar with traditional tribal cultures, ecotourism business, environmental protection, and space planning, to formulate an overall Smangus planning. Finally, the study suggests the organizational structure of Co-Management Model should be changed to a flat organization that all the members’ ideas and proposals could be admitted into leadership’s considerations. |
