| 摘要: | 遊客之違規戲水行為，不僅造成人員傷亡，更增加管理及救援單位很大的負担，相關管理單位雖從事防治違規戲水行為，但問題卻仍舊。過往對此議題的研究多是針對溺水事件的事後檢討報告，但除檢討報告外對溺水事件的事前防範其實更加重要，然相關研究卻很少，學術研究有其缺口。若能了解遊客違規戲水行為之影響因素，應有助於遊憩管理單位制定有效之防治策略。
關於遊客戶違規行為因子的探討，文獻指出個人態度、觀念等內部因素與環境誘導等外部因素對行為有顯著的影響。因此本研究以遊客違規戲水行為為例，探討ㄧ、低自我控制(內部因素)對違規戲水行為意向之影響；二、情境(外部環境因素)對違規戲水行為意向之影響。本研究探討的情境因素為環境暗示與法規限制兩項因子，以實驗設計的概念將環境暗示區分為有人戲水與無人戲水兩個情境；法規限制則區分為無告示牌、有教育性告示牌及有禁止性告示牌三個情境，交叉組合後，共設計出六個不同情境之問卷。並以心理學中投射法的說故事法設計情境內容，請1320位受訪者假設置身於情境中作答(每個情境220位)，有效問卷回收率約86.4%。
研究結果顯示低自我控制會正向影響受測者違規戲水行為意向。而告示牌則會負向影響受測者違規戲水行為意向，其中教育性告示牌比禁止性告示牌有效。結果亦發現民眾有從眾行為，相較於無人戲水的情境，有人戲水的情境下，民眾易從眾戲水。
研究建議應加強學校與家庭教育，來強化或提高遊客的自我控制的能力，應可抑制或減少違規行為的發生，而遊憩管理單位應重視環境因素對人類行為所造成的影響力，及時消除負面環境暗示性的訊息，並建議管理單位或許可增加教育性文字內容的告示牌。
Visitors’ behavior intention of illegal stream swimming, not only caused casualties, but also increased management and rescue units a great burden. Administration authority engaged in prevention of illegal although swimming behavior, but the problem remains. There have been a number of post-drowning incident review studies that have investigated, but the report of the External advance prevention report of drowning incidents have become more critical. However, there has been little empirical research on this issue. If we can understand the impact of factors irregularities swimming behavior of visitors, recreation management units should help develop effective strategies of prevention and treatment.
Researchers have focused primarily on tour customers factor violations, literature indicates that personal attitudes, beliefs and internal factors such as the environment and other external factors to induce significant influence on behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the violations tourists swimming behavior, for example, investigate the Fiest, low self-control (internal factors) on illegal behavior intention of stream swimming ; Second, the impact of illegal behavior intention of stream swimming situation (external environmental factors). Situational factors of this study was to investigate the environmental cues and regulatory restrictions of two factors, the concept of environmental imply experimental design was divided into two situations swimming and no swimming; Regulatory restrictions then divided into no signs, educational signs and prohibition signs three situations, after cross combination, a total of six different design scenarios of the questionnaire. 1320 subjects were selected for the study.
The results suggested that low self-control will positively affect the subject's behavior irregularities swimming intentions. The signs will be negatively affected the subject's behavior irregularities swimming intention, which educational signs effective than prohibition signs. The results also found that people have a herd behavior, no one playing in the water compared to the situation, was playing in the water under the situation, the people playing in the water is easy to herd. Future research should strengthen the school and family education and the ability of self-control of tourists to reduce the incidence of violations. Administration authority should increase the educational text billboard and increase the educational text signs. |
