傳統戲曲學校學生學習環境之噪音暴露研究

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题名:	傳統戲曲學校學生學習環境之噪音暴露研究 The Study of Noise Exposure for the Students in Traditional Opera School
作者:	莊雅玲
贡献者:	勞工關係學系
关键词:	戲曲音樂學系環境噪音噪音暴露劑量聽力 Department of Traditional Music Ambient Noise Personal Noise Dose Hearing
日期:	2016
上传时间:	2016-01-26 15:53:38 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究針對戲曲音樂學系學生，進行學習環境音量及個人噪音暴露劑量之量測，並使用聽力檢查計檢測聽力閾值，同時透過問卷調查，了解學生的學習經歷、個人生活習慣及自覺健康認知等，以探討學習音量與聽力之相關因素。本研究分別量測團體演奏及個人練習之環境音量。合奏課之均能音量為76.7 - 87.0 dB(A)，劇樂合作均能音量為78.9 - 95.8 dB(A)，鑼鼓經為80.6-89.9 dB(A)。琵琶、阮、三弦、古箏、笛子、笙、嗩吶、揚琴、鋼琴及二胡等10種樂器之個人練習音量，笛子及嗩吶之均能音量皆大於85 dB(A)。另就不同練習場所進行比較，走廊練習時之音量大多大於琴房練習。合奏課之8小時噪音暴露劑量為20.4±11.1%至95.1±77.3%範圍，劇樂合作為90.5±34.5 - 535.4±411.2%。鑼鼓經則為21.4±12.0 - 125.6±105.1%。十種樂器個人練習時之平均噪音暴露劑量，由大至小依序為笛子(214%)、嗩吶(208.5%)、揚琴(156.5%)、笙(93.0%)、二胡(86.2%)、琵琶(74.9%)、三弦(50.6%)、阮(45.7%)、古箏(17.0%)及鋼琴(6.6%)。透過聽力檢測及問卷，十年一貫、每日講手機時間30分鐘以上、無使用耳塞習慣及每日使用耳機聽音樂1小時以上之學生呈現聽力較差情形。另依據我國職業性聽力損失認定基準，僅1名受測者有聽力異常的現象。若以美國耳鼻喉科學會判定聽力異常的標準，於18名受測者中，低頻聽力異常者有12名，高頻聽力異常者為11名。此外，由聽力圖顯示，於4000及6000 Hz處有凹谷現象的產生，顯示本研究受測者可能已有前期噪音型聽力損失的徵狀。 This investigation studied the effect to hearing for Department of Traditional Music by the sound level of learning environment, personal noise dose, hearing threshold, and questionnaire. The sound levels of group performance and personal performance were measured. The average equivalent energy sound level of the instrumental ensemble course is 76.7 - 87.0 dB(A), the accompany Peking Opera course is 78.9 - 95.8 dB(A) and the luo-gu-jing course is 80.6-89.9 dB(A). The measurements to 10 instruments of personal performance are pipa, ruan, sanxian(three string guitar), guzheng, di(bamboo flute), sheng(reed pipe), suona(woodwind horn), dulcimer, piano and two-stringed huqin. There are 2 instruments including di and suona whose average equivalent energy sound level(Leq) are over 85 dB(A). Moreover, the average equivalent energy sound level from corridor is louder than that of the practice room. The average personal noise doses(8 hours) of the instrumental ensemble course is 20.4-95.1%, the accompany Peking Opera course is 90.5-535.4%, and the luo-gu-jing course is 21.4- 125.6%. The average personal noise doses (8 hours) of ten instruments from large to small order, are di(214%), suona(208.5%), dulcimer(156.5%), sheng (93.0%), erhu(86.2%), pipa(74.9%), sanxian(50.6%), ruan(45.7%), guzheng(17.0%) and piano (6.6%) during individual practice. From the hearing threshold and questionnaire, the students of compound school of ten-year system, more than 30 minutes of talking on cell phone per day, more than 1 hour of listening music by headset, and non-use earplugs show poorer hearing. According to the standard of occupational hearing loss in Taiwan, only one student raise hearing threshold. Moreover, based on the standard from American Academy of Otolaryngology, 12 students and 11 students raise hearing threshold respectively in low frequency range and high frequency range among 18 students. Furthermore, the audiograms pattern shows a typical notch in 4000 and 6000 Hz. It means the students might emerge early symptom of noise-induced hearing loss.
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