全球氣候變遷下的區域性暴雨現象，極可能加劇都市易淹地區的淹水現象，危及區域居民居住安全。位於臺灣新莊區塔寮坑溪流域下游社區，因地勢低窪及過度開發，部分街道逢雨必淹，屬暴露於氣候變遷風險之易淹水地區。面對該氣候衝擊，本研究以該社區為例，探討都市社區調適機制。Pressure–State–Impact–Response（DPSIR）因果模型為架構，進行脆弱度評估，涵蓋環境與自身狀態的改變，以及居民的整體風險感知。研究方法涵蓋文獻回顧、圖資分析、訪談設計與樣本分析，著重於在地居民的氣候調適感知與行動，因應氣候變遷衝擊與不確定性。研究發現，政府目前的防洪措施，如堤防、閘門與抽水站等，效果有限；部分居民也指出堤防可能加劇淹水情形。然而面對淹水事件，居民大多習慣觀測生活周遭排水溝的水位，或在自家門前設立擋水閘門以及墊高一樓住家，社區裡也會廣播預警，但對於社區整體洪災治理，則顯得漠不關心且有認知上的落差。本研究提出都市社區調適機制，有助於提升社區居民共同治理水患的知識與技能，強調社會網絡建構及整合軟硬體措施，因應氣候變遷下的水患衝擊，並作為臺灣韌性社區發展之參考。
The regional phenomenon of heavy rainfalls under global climate change is extremely likely to induce flash floods in flood-prone urban areas and endangers the lives and safety of residents. Due to the low-lying land and overdevelopment of the urban areas, Hsin-Chuang District in New Taipei City situated in Ta-Liao-Keng river basin faces routine flooding in some of its streets after heavy rainfall. The area is highly exposed to flood risk in a changing climate. Faced with the challenge, this study provides insights into adaptation mechanisms of urban communities of the district in adapting to climate change. On research design, Driver-Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response （DPSIR） causal model is used as a framework to assess social vulnerability. Our methods include literature review, map and data analysis, and semi-structured interviews and sample analysis. We focus on local residents’ adaptive awareness and actions in response to the uncertain impacts of climate change. It is argued that government flood control measures, such as dikes, gates and pumping stations, have limited utility. Some residents also point out that dikes exacerbate the floods. When there are floods, most residents are accustomed to observing and measuring water levels in the drainage ditches, setting up water control gates in front of their own houses, and elevating living spaces on the ground floors. Early warnings are also broadcast in the communities. But with respect to community engagement in integrated flood risk management, there exists indifference as well as gaps in understanding. The adaptation mechanisms proposed by this study will help increase the levels of knowledge and capabilities of community members as they manage floods as a group and can serve as a reference for the development of resilient communities in Taiwan. The study underlines the construction of social networks and the integration of structural and nonstructural measures to respond comprehensively to the impact of floods under climate change.
