李栗谷已是國際儒學界中的著名韓儒，馬一浮雖是現代中國儒學的重要人物，可是他的儒學思想並不廣為人所知。雖然兩人各自發展、形成自己的儒學思想，他們皆吸收了儒學，特別是宋明理學珍貴的思想資源，有共同的問題意識與人生關懷。他們對朱熹同一的「心統性情」命題，有不同的理解和詮釋，使朱學獲得多樣化的進展，豐富了朱子學在不同國度及時代的內涵。這兩位大儒雖然在時空上有遙遠的距離，可是在儒家的精神世界裏却是有著許多共同的人文關懷，可資相互交流、互補的儒學研究心得。本文主要從兩位大儒對儒學真諦之見解、治學心態，理氣論對比及心性論對比等面向來析論、評比兩人的心性論。
Li Ligu was an internationally well-known Korean Confucian, while Ma Yifu, as an important figure in modern Chinese Confucianism, was not widely known for his Confucian thought. Though developing separately and forming respectively their own Confucian thoughts, they both absorbed Confucianism, especially the valuable philosophical resources of Neo-Confucianism from the Song and Ming Dynasties, and shared the same question consciousness and life concern. Their distinctive understandings and interpretations about Ju Xi's thesis of ”mind unifying nature and emotion” contributed to the manifold evolution of Ju Xi's doctrine, enriching the immanence of Ju's doctrine in different countries and different eras. With great temporal and spatial distance between them, in the spiritual world of Confucianism, these two Confucian scholars had a lot in common in terms of humanistic concern, which is something they could communicate with and complement each other. This article is to analyze and estimate the two Confucian scholars' mind-nature theories in view of their insights about the essence of Confucianism, their attitudes toward academic research, the contrasts between their li-qi doctrines and their mind-nature theories.
