連橫《臺灣通史》中的國族想像

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题名:	連橫《臺灣通史》中的國族想像 Lien Heng's Imagination of Nation: A Case study of “The Taiwanese General History”
作者:	倪仲俊 Ni, Chung-Chun
贡献者:	史學系
关键词:	連橫臺灣通史國族想像的共同體國族主義臺灣人 Lien Heng “The Taiwanese Genera] Ristory” nation imaginedcommunities the Taiwanese
日期:	2003-12-01
上传时间:	2015-10-28 12:46:09 (UTC+8)
摘要:	筆者基本上接受安德森(Benedict Anderson)視國族(nation)爲一「想像的共同體」的定義，並在方法上受安德森與杜贊奇(Praesenjit Duara)之啟發：透過歷史詮釋所形成的集體記憶，是想像國族的重要認知條件；同時，史學著述在國族形成過程中亦具有工具性及可操作性。所以，以連橫《臺灣通史》爲例進行文本分析，本文旨在研究日據前期臺灣的菁英份子如何進行族群想像。連橫在敘史方法上顯未受現代的啟蒙史學影響，仍然宗中國傳統的紀傳體。睽諸渠著書之目的，雖在提倡國族意識，但書中倒未見「國家主權」、「民族自決」等重要的現代國族主義概念。反而，由傳統史學「正統論」的框架所爲之國族想像，是基於一揉雜有種族條件的文化先決論；這䢪說明傳統文化主義(culturalism)原則—筆者視之爲一原型國族主義—對晚近華人的國族想像仍具影響。同時，連橫所揭的正統觀非常剛性，當與所處的歷史情境相關：藏在其對滿/漢之間界限分明的堅持，其實就是對中國人/日本人之間界限應分明的堅持提醒。透過《臺灣通史》，渠爲臺灣人這一群體建立了內在聯擊—包括客觀的種性、祖籍條件，及主觀的文化等條件，藉此，「臺灣人」的主體性雖被想像與建構出來，但「臺灣人」的內涵卻也因此顯得龐雜而多元，尤其在祖籍出生地的雙重認同，亦反應出移民社會的複雜。由於連橫的敘事結構又有強烈的價值傾向，因此，渠所想像出來的「臺灣人」的族群邊界，其實是相對封閉排他的，從而終無法涵容也在臺灣這個島上活動的其他非漢族群，也使其終究只能作爲一種族群起源的片面迷思(myth)，百無足以成爲一部完整的族群史。 In definition, I basically accept Benedict Anderson’s regarding “nation” as an imagined community. As well, my approach is illuminated by Anderson and Praesenjit Duara: through historical expositions collective memories are made as important recognized conditions to imagine nations; meanwhile historical are usually instrumental and could be manipulated in the formulation of a nation. Therefore, this paper is a case study analyzing Lien Heng’s “The Taiwanese General History” completed in 1918 in order to investigate how the Taiwan’s elites imagined their own ethnic group during the early Japanese colonial period. Obviously, Lien's historiographic methods were not influenced by the western modem enlightened paradigm at all but followed Chinese traditional jizhuanti. Although his purpose was to promoting national consciousness in Taiwan, such key concepts of the modem nationalism as “national sovereignty” and “national self-decision” still could not be found in his work. On the opposite, his imagination of nation, out of the framework of the traditional historiographic zhengtonglun, was built on a combination of those cultural and racial primordial principals. Hence, it is suitable to say that traditional culturalism, regarded as a proto-nationalism, still influenced the nation’s imagination in the later been-Chinese societies. truly. Meantime, the zhengtong view addressed in Lien’s work is very inflexible maybe due to his situation under the colonial rule. In the other words, what hides behind his insistence on making the clear boundaries between the Han-Chinese and the Manchurians is his insistence and reminder on making the same clear boundaries between the Chinese and the Japanese. In “The Taiwanese General History”, Lien had made some interior uniformities referring to objective conditions, including the race and the close father-bom places, and subjective cultural conditions within the Taiwanese. Meanwhile, through making the Taiwanese a subject of the historic narrative had imagined as well as constructed the Taiwanese’s ethnic subject. However, it seems that the contents of the Taiwanese imaginations are so complex and multiple, especially in the dual-identities of father-born places and the birth-places. These multiple contents also express the complexities of a settle society. Finally, because lien's narrative paradigm is strongly in favor of moralities, Lien's imagined boundaries of the Taiwanese is relatively close and exclusive. Therefore, his imagination could not contain the other non-Han ethnic groups, so that it is still an incomplete ethnic history but only a one-sided myth about the Taiwanese's origin.
關聯:	通識研究集刊； 4期 (2003 / 12 / 01) ， P141 - 192
显示于类别:	[史學系暨研究所] 期刊論文

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