| 摘要: | 2013年12月《清華大學藏戰國竹簡（肆）》出版，收錄〈筮法〉、〈別卦〉、〈算表〉三篇。此書出版之前，李學勤在《文物》2013 年第8期發表的〈清華簡《筮法》與數字卦問題〉一文中，指出〈筮法〉一定是用蓍草的占法。《筮法》將所占問的事項分為十七類，稱做“十七命”。〈筮法〉卦名近於《歸藏》。《筮法》列舉了許多數字卦作為占例，可能為數字卦的研究打開新的局面。《文物》同期廖名春〈清華簡《筮法》篇與《說卦傳》〉一文指出〈筮法〉篇中出現114個六畫卦中最常見的數字是“一”和“ ”，可能已經上升為陽爻和陰爻了。“十七命”系統筮卦的命解之法很多，但最基本的方法則是八卦分析法。這一點與《周易·說卦傳》頗有淵源。《文物》同期李均明〈清華簡《算表》概述〉則指出〈算表〉是當時已廣泛使用的九九術衍生出來的運算工具，是迄今所見中國最早的數學文獻實物，不僅比目前能夠見到的古代十進位乘法表年代都早，而且其數學與計算功能也超過了以往中國發現的里耶秦簡九九乘法表和張家界漢簡九九乘法表等古代乘法表，在中國乃至世界範圍內尚屬首見，是一次驚人的重大發現，為認識中國先秦數學的應用與普及提供了重要的第一手資料。 此書正式公布至今，已經有超過六十篇以上的論文，字形、字義、筮法等各方面，都有相當多值得探討的部分。本計畫擬從文字考釋、文義訓詁、經典探索等方面，進行《清華四》研究，並將研究成果發表論文，與學界切磋。
The Tsinghua University Warring States Bamboo Manuscripts (IV) is scheduled to be published in December 2013. Three manuscripts: the Shìfǎ, Biéguà and Suànbiǎo are to be included in this release (However, some recent news indicates that Biéguà might not be included this time). In the paper "The Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscript version of Shìfǎ and the issue of numerical hexagrams,"published the journal Cultural Relics, no.8 (2013), Li Xue-qin points out that it is rather certain that the method of divination referred to in the Shìfǎ is the yarrow stalk method. There are 17 categories of things being asked for by way of divination. These are called the "17 Mìng." The names given to the hexagrams in the Shìfǎ are very similar to those in the Shang Dynasty text Guī Cáng. The Shìfǎ lists many numerical hexagrams in examples of divination, opening up many new possibilities for research into the nature of the numerical hexagrams themselves. In the paper "The Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscript version of the Shìfǎ and the I Ching commentary 'Explaining the Trigrams'," Liao Ming-chun shows that in the Shìfǎ, there are 114 hexagrams for which the most common number is "一" and "", possibly meaning that they had already been elevated to Yángyáo (an unbroken line in a tri- or hexagram) and Yīnyáo (a broken line in a tri- or hexagram) by this time. In the "17 Mìng" system, there are many ways of interpreting a divination that uses tri- or hexagrams, but the most basic one is the Method of the Eight Trigrams. This has to do with the Explaining the Trigrams chapter of the I Ching. In "Overview of the Tsinghua Bamboo Manuscript version of Suànbiǎo," however, Li Jun-ming asserts that the Suànbiǎo (e.g., the Calculation Table) was a tool for making calculations and was an extension of the Nine-Nine Table that was already widely used at the time. It is also China's earliest known mathematical literature. Not only is it earlier than the ancient base-10 multiplication tables that can still be seen today, but its mathematical and computational functionality exceeds ancient multiplication tables such as the Nine-Nine Multiplication Tables found in the Lǐyéqín Bamboo Manuscript and in the Han Dynasty era Zhāngjiājiè Bamboo Manuscript. It's the first of its kind, not only in China, but in the entire world. Not only is it a mind-staggering discovery, but it is vital first-hand information for understanding the use and level of popularization of mathematics in Pre-Qin Dynasty China. In addition to the final report, the final products for this project will include annotations to the original text, modern forms for each of the ancient characters in the text, a discussion of any pertinent issues, and hand tracings of the original ancient character forms. These results will not only be published as academic papers, but also popularized and turned into a reader for the consumption of non-experts |
