中國大陸汽車產業發展中的國家角色

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題名:	中國大陸汽車產業發展中的國家角色 The Role of the State in the Development of China’s Automobile Industry
作者:	林本長 Lin, Pen-chang
貢獻者:	中山與中國大陸研究所博士班
關鍵詞:	外商直接投資關鍵技術國家角色 FDI Key Technology State Role
日期:	2015
上傳時間:	2015-08-31 15:08:38 (UTC+8)
摘要:	中國大陸汽車產業發展過程中，國家角色不斷產生變化與調整。在全球化和區域經濟整合的潮流趨勢中，中國大陸的總體經濟運行，在改革開放的基調上，逐步朝著市場化的方向邁進，汽車產業亦不例外。汽車產業興起，主要依靠從「市場換技術」的策略包括購買、抄襲、外商技轉與取得本土市場，推動大陸技術進步的催化劑來自2001年進入WTO後全球化的結果，而非著墨於研發能力。本論文主要採取質性研究，採取文獻分析和訪談這兩種研究方法。闡述中國大陸官方發揮「國家」的角色功能，強勢介入汽車產業的發展，不斷透過產業政策的制定和調整，導引汽車產業的發展路徑，其成效是毁譽參半的。更重要的是，隨著內外情勢的變化，「市場換技術」的發展路徑已經走到了盡頭，中國大陸後續的汽車產業發展，必須循著「有效的市場」和「有為的政府」相互搭配的思維，透過檢視和改變國家機關的職能，在產業政策的作為上，跳脫「市場換技術」的路徑，推動國有合資汽車大廠的改革，在股權結構、激勵機制和監管規則上做必要的調整，同時，讓民營企業能夠得到更為公平的待遇，讓整個汽車產業的生態更符合有效市場的運作邏輯，中國大陸的汽車產業才有較大的機會走上自主創新之路，在衝刺量的同時，得到質的肯定。中國大陸後續的汽車產業發展，應該循著「有效的市場」和「有為的政府」相互搭配的思維，持續性地檢視和調整國家機關的職能，跳脫「市場換技術」的路徑，一方面推動國有合資汽車大廠的改革，在股權結構、激勵機制和監管規則上做必要的調整，另一方面，要讓民營企業能夠得到更為公平的待遇，讓整個汽車產業的生態更符合有效市場的運作邏輯。唯有拿捏好國家機關的角色，善用本身擁有的要素禀賦，掌握好比較優勢的資源配置原則，擺脫路徑依賴的束縛，與時俱進地調整制度安排和政策作為，中國大陸的汽車產業才有比較好的機會走上自主創新之路，並在全球市場上和既有的跨國大廠一較長短。 In the trend of globalization and regional economic integration, the general economic in China gradually becomes market-oriented, which is based on reform and opening, and the automobile industry is of no exception. The rise of the automobile industry relies on “trading the market for the technology” strategy which includes purchasing, plagiarism, and securing the domestic market. The catalyst that accelerates the evolvement is caused by participating WTO in 2001, not the capability of research and design. The China authority forcefully intervenes the advance in automobile industry with her mighty character as a nation. Through unremitting legislation and restructuring the tactics, the results are mixed with praise and blame. More importantly, with internal and external changes, the “trading the market for the technology” strategy has reached the end. The afterward progress of China’s automobile industry must pursue the mindsets of “effective market” and “promising government”. With introspection and modification of the functionality, the China government needs to shake off the “trading the market for the technology” policy and to reform state-owned joint-venture car manufacturers. The equity structure, incentives and regulatory rules have to be adjusted. Meanwhile, the private companies should get fairer treatment, and the logistics behind the eco system in the automobile industry should be more consistent to that of the effective market. The authorities should find the balance in being a nation. The quality can thus be recognized while expanding the quantity. Additionally, they should make good use of their own endowment and properly allocate the resources to offload the shackle caused by the dependency. Moreover, the institutional arrangements and the policy enforcement have to keep up with times, so that China’s automobile industry can be more innovative and competitive in the global market. For future observation, the joint-venture enterprises in China may consider transforming the nation-own business into “state-owned private-operated” model to deregulate the restrain over novelty in the automobile industry.
顯示於類別:	[國家發展與與中國大陸研究所碩博士班] 博碩士論文

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