| 摘要: | 在馬克．吐溫 的作品《頑童歷險記》中，兒童的認知是重要的一個話題。因為心理與生理逐漸發展，兒童被認為是最是社會的階段。他們非常的好奇與渴望去瞭解身邊的所有事物，他們對外面世界充滿興趣。藉由他們的探險，他們發現了那些他們所不知道的社會現實與真實。在第一章節研究出Jean Piaget 和Lev Vygotsky 的兒童認知發展理論。根據Piaget，建構出生活周遭的一個理解，然後體驗出他們的不同以及新發現。相較之下，根據Vygotsky的理論，強調在兒童的認知發展社會角色互動。第二章節研究，關於家庭的認知以及南北戰爭前的社會現象。藉由冒險，Huck 能認識自己的家庭和人們的詭計就像戴上面具的樣子。第三章節將重點放在Huck 和Jim 的自由認知上，Huck 不想跟著規範以及傳統想法，因此為了去尋找屬於自己的自由，他完成了獨自在密西西比河 的旅程。在這過程中，他也理解到幫助Jim及Jim的家庭擺脫奴隸身分，不只是任務也是他的責任。這個論點的目的是研究兒童的家庭、社會及他們所擁有的自由的認知。事實上，馬克．吐溫 的作品《頑童歷險記》是個影響成人有關教育那些無辜的、好奇的、聰明的及對外面世界充滿興趣的小孩的例子。成人被鼓勵去更瞭解小孩的認知發展和創造出最好的符合身理與心理的成長環境。
Children’s cognition is the central topic in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Children are the generation that has been considered most in our society because they are gradually developing physique and mentality; they are extremely curious and eager to learn as well as know everything around them; they are interested in operating adventures in order to explore the outside world. Through their exploration, they discover the truth or real things in the society that they have not known. The first chapter investigates Jean Piaget’s and Lev Vygotsky’s theories of children’s cognitive development. Children, according to Piaget, construct an understanding of the world around them, and then experience differences between what they already know and what they discover in their environment. Vygotsky’s theory, in contrast, emphasizes the fundamental role of social interaction in children’s development of cognition. The second chapter examines Huckleberry Finn’s cognition about the family and the Southern Antebellum Society. Through adventures, Huck is able to recognize his real family and people’s deceit as well as masquerade in the society. The third chapter focuses on Huck’s cognition about his and Jim’s freedom. Huck does not want to follow unreal rules, regulations, and traditions people establish; therefore, he effectuates the journey along the Mississippi river to find out his own freedom. Also, during his adventures, Huck recognizes not only his mission but also responsibility to help Jim—the slave—and his family escape the slavery. The purpose of this thesis is to research children’s cognition about their family, the society, and the freedom they achieve. In fact, Mark Twain’s novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the examples contributing to impact adults’ thoughts of educating children who are innocent, curious, intelligent, and interested in exploring the world. Adults are encouraged to understand more about children’s cognitive development and create the best environment for them to develop physically and mentally. |
