| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北地區已婚夫妻「婚姻品質」與「離婚態度」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」之臺北地區已婚夫妻分別在「婚姻品質」及「離婚態度」上的差異情形，另探討臺北地區已婚夫妻的「婚姻品質」、「離婚態度」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」及「家庭背景因素」分別對臺北地區已婚夫妻「婚姻品質」及「離婚態度」的預測力。
本研究係採「立意取樣」進行資料的收集，並以「滾雪球」之抽樣方式，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）之已婚夫妻為調查對象，正式施測樣本為600份，回收樣本570份，回收率95％。實得有效樣本為559份，有效回收率93.16％，。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「婚姻品質量表」、「離婚態度量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 22.0 進行結果分析，分別以敘述統計、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森績差相關、以及多元回歸等統計方法加以分析。主要研究結果如下：
一、臺北地區已婚夫妻「婚姻品質」與「離婚態度」之現況
1. 臺北地區已婚夫妻的「婚姻品質」傾向良好之狀況。其中，以「尊重接納」層面的婚姻品質，評價最高；又以「情感交流」層面的婚姻品質，評價最低。
2. 臺北地區已婚夫妻的「離婚態度」傾向於開放的態度，較能接受離婚的行為。其中，以「離婚意向」層面之離婚態度，最為開放且離婚接受度最高；而以「婚姻持續性」層面之離婚態度，最為保守且離婚接受度最低。
二、臺北地區已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」對「婚姻品質」的差異情形
1.臺北地區已婚夫妻之「年齡」、「結婚年數」、「子女數」與「婚姻品質」有顯著低度之負相關。意即「年齡」愈大、「結婚年數」愈久、「子女數」愈多之已婚夫妻，其「婚姻品質」愈差。
2. 臺北地區已婚夫妻「教育程度」、「性生活滿意狀況」與「婚姻品質」之間，有顯著低度之正相關。意即「教育程度」愈高、「性生活滿意狀況」愈高之已婚夫妻，其「婚姻品質」愈佳。
三、臺北地區已婚夫妻「家庭背景因素」對「婚姻品質」的差異情形
臺北地區已婚夫妻的「與配偶婚姻衝突」、「對外遇的接受度」「對家庭經濟壓力的感受」、「父母婚姻衝突」、「對父母離婚的態度」與「婚姻品質」之間，有顯著低度之負相關。意即「與配偶婚姻衝突」愈大、「對外遇的接受度」愈高、「對家庭經濟壓力的感受」愈大、「父母婚姻衝突」愈高及「對父母離婚的態度」愈高之已婚夫妻，其「婚姻品質」愈差。
四、臺北地區已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」對「離婚態度」的差異情形
1.臺北地區已婚夫妻的「離婚態度」會因「性別」之不同而有顯著差異。其中，「妻子」在「離婚態度」上，較「丈夫」更為開放，更能接受離婚的行為。
2.臺北地區已婚夫妻的「性生活滿意」與「離婚態度」之間有顯著低度之負相關，意即已婚夫妻之「性生活滿意」愈高，則其對「離婚態度」就愈保守，愈不能接受離婚的行為。
五、臺北地區已婚夫妻「家庭背景因素」對「離婚態度」的差異情形
臺北地區已婚夫妻的「與配偶婚姻衝突」、「對外遇的態度」、「父母婚姻衝突」、「對父母離婚態度」與「離婚態度」之間，有顯著低度之正相關。意即「與配偶婚姻衝突」愈大、「對外遇的態度」愈高、「父母婚姻衝突」愈大、「對父母離婚態度」愈高之已婚夫妻，其「離婚態度」就愈開放，愈能接受離婚的行為。
六、臺北地區已婚夫妻的「婚姻品質」與「離婚態度」之間相關情形
受試者之整體「婚姻品質」與整體「離婚態度」達顯著低度之負相關。意即臺北地區已婚夫妻對婚姻品質的評價愈高，則對離婚持愈保守的態度，愈不能接受離婚的行為。
七、臺北地區已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」對「婚姻品質」的預測力情形
受試者之「教育程度：研究所以上」、「性生活滿意」、「與配偶衝突狀況」、「對外遇接受態度」、「家庭經濟壓力」在整體「婚姻品質」上達顯著相關，能預測受試者之整體「婚姻品質」41%的變異量。表示：「教育程度：研究所以上」與「性生活滿意」愈高者，其對婚姻品質的評價較高；「與配偶衝突狀況」、「對外遇接受的態度」、「對家庭經濟壓力的感受」愈高者，其對婚姻品質的評價就愈低。
八、臺北地區已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」對「離婚態度」的預測力情形
受試者之「性別：女」、「結婚年數」「對外遇接受的態度」、「父母婚姻衝突狀況」及「對父母離婚的態度」在整體「離婚態度」上達顯著相關，能預測受試者之整體「離婚態度」24%的變異量。表示：「性別：女」、「對外遇接受的態度」、「父母婚姻衝突狀況」與「對父母離婚的態度」感受愈高者，則「離婚態度」愈開放，愈能接受離婚的行為。而「結婚年數」愈高者，離婚態度則持保守
九、臺北地區已婚夫妻「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」與「婚姻品質」對「離婚態度」的預測力情形
受試者之「性別：女」、「結婚年數」「對外遇接受的態度」、「父母婚姻衝突狀況」及「對父母離婚的態度」在整體「離婚態度」上達顯著相關，能預測受試者之整體「離婚態度」24%的變異量。表示：「性別：女」、「對外遇接受的態度」、「父母婚姻衝突狀況」與「對父母離婚的態度」感受愈高者，則「離婚態度」愈開放，愈能接受離婚的行為。而「結婚年數」愈高者，離婚態度則持保守之態度。
綜合上述，本研究建議已婚夫妻，宜持續用心經營婚姻與家庭，保持婚姻生活的新鮮感，在面對婚姻與家庭的衝突時，宜理性且開誠布公的溝通。再者，對於夫妻性生活方面，宜正向積極看待性生活狀況，維持夫妻雙方親密的關係，另外，在家庭金錢使用方面，夫妻雙方宜尊重彼此的想法並達成共識，積極學習並瞭解的用心經營婚姻與家庭，攜手營造一個美滿的家庭。
This study aims to explore the perception of “marital quality” and “attitudes toward divorce” of married couples in Taipei. It also investigates different views between different “personal background factors” and “familial background factors” couples. The correlation of “marital quality” and “attitudes toward divorce” is presented as well. Moreover, how would “personal background factors” and “familial background factors” influence the “martial quality” and “attitudes toward divorce” is also probed.
Purposive sampling and snow sampling were adopted to on the samples of 600 Taipei married couples, 559 samples were all valid returns (93.16%). A “personal background questionnaire”, “parental martial scale”, and “attitude toward divorce scale” were used as tools. Data processing were performed by the software SPSS for Windows 22.0 with the statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’s Method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that:
A. The current situation of “marital quality” and “attitudes toward divorce” of the Taipei married couples:
1. Data show that the “marital quality” in Taipei is positive. The “acceptance with respect” dimension appears the highest quality; while the “affective interaction” reveals the worst quality.
2. The “attitudes toward divorce” of Taipei married couples tend to be open. They have higher tendency to accept divorce. “The intentions of divorce” dimension shows the highest degree of acceptance. The “marital sustainability” reveals the most conservative attitudes and the least acceptance.
B. The difference between “personal background factors” and “marital quality” in Taipei married couples:
1. There is low negatively significant correlation among “age”, “marital years”, “children numbers” and “marital quality.” That is, the couples who are older, have longer marital years, and have more children tend to have worse marital quality.
2. There is low positively significant correlation among “education”, “sexual satisfaction” and “marital quality.” Data revealed that the couples who receive more education and enjoy better sexual satisfaction have higher martial quality.
C. The discrepancy in Taipei married couples’ marital quality based on familial background factors:
There is low negatively significant correlation among “spouse marital conflicts”, “acceptance of extramarital relationship”, “perception of familial financial pressure” “parental marital conflicts”, “attitudes toward parental divorce” and “martial quality.” The study indicated that the couples who have more conflicts with spouses, higher acceptance of extramarital relationship, more partial marital conflicts and higher acceptance of partial divorce have worse marital quality.
D. The discrepancy in Taipei married couples’ “attitudes toward divorce” according to “personal background factors”:
1.There is significant difference in Taipei married couples’ “attitudes toward divorce” based on the “gender” factor. “Wives” are more liberal than their “husbands” and tend to accept divorce.
2.There is low negatively significant correlation between “sexual satisfaction” and “attitudes toward divorce.” The results indicate that the married couples with higher sexual satisfaction hold more conservative attitude toward divorce.
E. The discrepancy in Taipei married couples’ “attitudes toward divorce” according to “familial background factors”:
There is low positively significant correlation among Taipei married couples’ “spouse marital conflicts”, “attitudes toward extramarital relationship”, “parental marital conflicts”, “attitudes toward parental divorce” and “attitudes toward divorce.” The study reveals that married couples who have more conflicts with their spouses, higher attitudes toward extramarital relationship, more parental marital conflicts, and higher attitudes toward parental divorce hold more liberal attitude toward divorce.
F.The correlation between Taipei married couples’ “marital quality” and “attitudes toward divorce”:
There is low negatively significant correlation between the participants’ “marital quality” and “attitudes toward divorce.” The higher evaluation they respond to the marital quality, the less possibility for them to accept divorce.
G. The predictive power of “marital quality” based on Taipei married couples’ “personal background factors” and “familial background factors”:
There is significant correlation between participants’ “education: above graduate school”, “sexual satisfaction”, “conflicts with spouses”, “attitudes toward extramarital relationship” and “familial financial pressure” factors and marital quality. Forty one percent of the variability can be predicted. The participants who receive higher education and have more sexual satisfaction gave higher evaluation of marital quality, while the ones who have more conflicts with spouses, more liberal attitudes toward extramarital relationship and higher perception of familial financial pressure gave lower evaluation to marital quality.
H.The prediction of “attitudes toward divorce” based on Taipei married couples’ “personal background factors” and “familial background factors”:
There is significant correlation between participants’ “gender: female”, “marital years”, “attitudes toward extramarital relationship”, “parental marital conflicts” and “attitudes toward parental divorce” factors and “attitudes toward divorce.” Twenty four percent of the variability can be predicted. Data appear that participants who are female, more liberal extramarital relationship, more sensitive to parental conflicts, and higher perception of parental divorce tend to accept divorce. Those who have more marital years hold more conservation attitudes toward divorce.
I. The explanation of “attitudes toward divorce” based on Taipei married couples’ “personal background factors”, “familial background factors” and “marital quality”:
There is significant correlation between participants’ “gender: female”, “marital years”, “attitudes toward extramarital relationship”, “parental marital conflicts” and “attitudes toward parental divorce” factors and “attitudes toward divorce.” Twenty four percent of the variability can be predicted. Data appear that participants who are female, more liberal extramarital relationship, more sensitive to parental conflicts, and higher perception of parental divorce tend to accept divorce. Those who have more marital years hold more conservation attitudes toward divorce.
The study demonstrates that married couples should carefully nurture the marriage and family and maintain appeal for marital relationship. Rational and honesty communication is the priority when facing the marital and familial conflicts. Besides, establish positive attitudes toward sexual relationship to support intimate connection with the spouses is also important. Moreover, couples are supposed to respect each other and reach a consensus on familial finance. They also have to learn methods to foster a complete marriage as well as family. |
