| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北地區離婚婦女「生命意義感」與「挫折復原力」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區離婚婦女分別在「生命意義感」及「挫折復原」上的差異情形，另探討臺北地區離婚婦女的「生命意義感」、「挫折復原力」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」分別對臺北地區離婚婦女「生命意義感」及「挫折復原力」的預測力。
本研究係採「立意取樣」及「滾雪球」方式進行取樣，選取居住於臺北地區（臺北市、新北市）之離婚婦女為調查對象，正式施測樣本為377份，回收332份，回收率88.06%，實得有效樣本為323份，有效回收率85.67％，。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「生命意義感量表」與「挫折復原力量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 22.0 進行結果分析。本研究所採取的統計方法有：次數分配與百分比、平均數與標準差、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較、皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸分析等。本研究結果如下：
一、臺北地區離婚婦女「生命意義感」與「挫折復原力」之現況
1.臺北地區離婚婦女的「生命意義感」傾向於「正向」之狀況，愈覺自我生命意義感具有意義與價值。其中，以「靈性」層面的生命意義感，評價最高最為正向；而以「意志與目標」層面的生命意義感，評價最低。
2.臺北地區離婚婦女的「挫折復原力」傾向於「佳」之狀況，對自我挫折復原力之感受為佳。其中以「有意義的生活」層面的挫折復原力，評價最佳；又以「有平靜的心靈」層面的挫折復原力，評價最差。
二、不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區離婚婦女分別在「生命意義感」上的差異情形
1.臺北地區離婚婦女之年齡在「41~50歲」及「51歲以上」者，其「生命意義感」較「30歲（含）以下」者高。
2.臺北地區離婚婦女之離婚年數為「16年以上」者，其「生命意義感」較離婚年數「5年（含）以下」者為高。
3.臺北地區離婚婦女之「平均月收入」愈高者，其「生命意義感」也就愈正向，愈覺自我生命意義感具有意義與價值。
4.臺北地區離婚婦女「有」子女監護權者，其「生命意義感」較「無」子女監護權者為正向，愈覺自我生命意義感具有意義與價值。
5.臺北地區離婚婦女之子女數為「2位」者，其「生命意義感」較「1位」者為正向，愈覺自我生命意義感具有意義與價值。
6.臺北地區離婚婦女宗教信仰為「基督教」者，其「生命意義感」較信仰「道教」者更為正向，愈覺自我生命意義感具有意義與價值。
三、不同「個人背景因素」之臺北地區離婚婦女分別在「挫折復原力」上的差異情形
1.臺北地區離婚婦女之年齡在「51歲以上」者，其「挫折復原力」較「30歲（含）以下」及「31~40歲」者為佳。
2.臺北地區離婚婦女之離婚年數為「16年以上」者，其「挫折復原力」較離婚年數「5年（含）以下」者為佳。
3.臺北地區離婚婦女之教育程度為「研究所以上」者，其「挫折復原力」較教育程度「專科畢」，者為佳。
4.臺北地區離婚婦女之「平均月收入」愈高者，其「挫折復原力」也就愈佳。
5.臺北地區離婚婦女「有」子女監護權者，其「挫折復原力」較「無」子女監護權者為佳。
6.臺北地區離婚婦女宗教信仰「基督教」者，其「挫折復原力」較信仰「道教」者為佳。
四、臺北地區離婚婦女的「生命意義感」與「挫折復原力」之間相關情形受試者之「生命意義感」與「挫折復原力」間達顯著高度之正相關，也就是說，臺北地區離婚婦女之「生命意義感」愈正向，則其「挫折復原力」也就愈佳。
五、臺北地區離婚婦女「個人背景因素」對「生命意義感」的預測力情形受試者「年齡」、「平均月收入」、「宗教信仰－天主教」及「宗教信仰－基督教」在整體「生命意義感」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「生命意義感」17％的變異量。表示：當受試者「年齡」愈大者、「平均月收入」愈高者、「宗教信仰－天主教」者、「宗教信仰－基督教」者，對於生命意義感愈正向，愈覺自我生命意義感具有意義與價值。
六、臺北地區離婚婦女「個人背景因素」對「挫折復原力」的預測力情形受試者「年齡」、「平均月收入」、「宗教信仰－天主教」及「宗教信仰－基督教」在整體「挫折復原力」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「挫折復原力」14％的變異量。表示：當受試者「年齡」愈大者、「平均月收入」愈高者、「宗教信仰－天主教」者、「宗教信仰－基督教」者，挫折復原力愈佳。
七、臺北地區離婚婦女「個人背景因素」與「生命意義感」對「挫折復原力」的預測力情形。
受試者之「生命意義感」在整體「挫折復原力」上達顯著水準，能預測受試者之整體「挫折復原力」75%的變異量。表示；臺北地區離婚婦女「生命意義感」對其「挫折復原力」愈正向，其挫折復原力也就愈佳。
根據本研究的發現與結論，建議離婚婦女積極學習第二專長，穩定與提升家庭收入；並且多參與正信之宗教活動，藉由正信之宗教獲得靈性上的平靜；宜積極尋求方法及管道爭取子女之監護權，或學習調適個人之情緒；年齡較長與離婚年較久之離婚婦女宜勇於分享自身經驗，而年齡較輕與離婚年數較短之離婚婦女宜多向年齡較長與離婚年較久之離婚婦女請益。再者，單親子女宜多體恤家長的辛勞，主動分擔家務，為單親母親帶來支持的力量。此外，建議家庭教育推廣單位能以離婚婦女、單親家長，開設親子成長相關課程；積極搜尋、彙整與建製成功復原之離婚婦女案例，製作離婚婦女處遇手冊與教材。最後，建議政府主管機關能持續提供離婚婦女有更多元進修管道、職業訓練機會與就業媒合；並定期舉辦生命教育及心靈成長相關課程，以提升離婚婦女生命意義感，增強其挫折復原之能力。
The purpose of the study is to understand the current situation of the divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” and “resilience against setback” in Taipei area, and also understand the difference in respectively “sense of the meaning of life” and “resilience against setback” for the divorced women with different “personal background factors” in Taipei Area. In addition, this study discusses the correlation of divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” and “resilience against setback” in Taipei area, also further determines the predictive power of “personal background factors” on the divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” and “resilience against setback” respectively in Taipei Area.
By purposive sampling and snowball sampling, this study chose divorced women living in Taipei area (Taipei City and New Taipei City) as the subjects. A total of 377 questionnaires were distributed in the formal survey, and 322 samples were retrieved, with a return rate of 88.06%. After eliminating invalid samples, there were 323 valid samples, with a valid return rate of 85.67%. The research instruments included the “Questionnaire on personal basic data”, the “Sense of the meaning of life scale” and the “Resilience against setback scale”. The SPSS for Windows 22.0 was used for statistical analyses of frequency distribution and percentage, mean number and standard deviation, one-sample t test, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe post hoc comparison, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The research results are as follows:
1.The current situation of the divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” and “resilience against setback” in Taipei area
1) The divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” in Taipei Area tends to the “positive” situation. They increasingly feel that self sense of the meaning of life has the meaning and value, in which, the sense of the meaning of life in the aspect of “spirituality” has the highest and most positive evaluation, while the sense of the meaning of life in the aspect of “will and goal” has the lowest evaluation.
2) The divorced women’s “resilience against setback” in Taipei area tends to the “good” situation. The feeling of self-resilience against setback is good, in which, “resilience against setback” in the aspect of “meaningful life” has the best evaluation, while “resilience against setback” in the aspect of “peaceful heart” has the worst evaluation.
2.The difference in respectively “sense of the meaning of life” for the divorced women with different “personal background factors” in Taipei area
1) The divorced women in Taipei area whose age is “between 41 and 50 years old” and “over 51 years old” are higher in “sense of the meaning of life” than those of “below 30 years old (including 30 years old)”.
2) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose number of divorced years is “over 16 years” are higher in “sense of the meaning of life” than those of “below 5 years (including 5 years)” of the number of divorced years.
3) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose “average monthly income” is higher are more positive in “sense of the meaning of life”. They increasingly feel that the self sense of the meaning of life has the meaning and value.
4) The divorced women in Taipei Area who “have” the child custody are more positive in “sense of the meaning of life” than those without the child custody. They increasingly feel that the self sense of the meaning of life has the meaning and value.
5) The divorced women in Taipei Area who have “2” children are more positive in “sense of the meaning of life” than those with “1” child. They increasingly feel that the self sense of the meaning of life has the meaning and value.
6) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose religious belief is “Christianism” are more positive in “sense of the meaning of life” than those with the belief in “Taoism”. They increasingly feel that the self sense of the meaning of life has meaning and value.
3.The difference in respectively “resilience against setback” for the divorced women with different “personal background factors” in Taipei area
1) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose age is “over 51 years old” are better in “resilience against setback” than those of “below 30 years old (including 30 years old)” and “between 31 and 40 years old”.
2) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose number of divorced years is “over 16 years” are better in “resilience against setback” than those with “below 5 years (including 5 years)” of the number of divorced years.
3) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose education level is “postgraduate or above” are better in “resilience against setback” than those with “associate bachelor” of education level.
4) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose “average monthly income” is higher are better in “resilience against setback”.
5) The divorced women in Taipei Area who “have” the child custody are better in “resilience against setback” than those without the child custody.
6) The divorced women in Taipei Area whose religious belief is “Christianism” are better in “resilience against setback” than those with the belief in “Taoism”.
4.The correlation of divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” and “resilience against setback” in Taipei Area
There are significant positive correlation between the subjects’ “sense of the meaning of life” and “resilience against setback”, namely, the more positive the divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” in Taipei area is, the better their “resilience against setback” is.
5.The predictive power of the divorced women’s “personal background factors” on the “sense of the meaning of life” in Taipei area
The subjects’ “age”, “average monthly income”, “religious belief--Catholicism” and “religious belief--Christianism” have reached significant level in the overall “sense of the meaning of life”, which can predict the subjects’ 17% amount of variability of the overall “sense of the meaning of life”, indicating that the subjects who are older in “age”, who have higher “average monthly income”, whose religious beliefs are “Catholicism” or “Christianism” are more positive in sense of the meaning of life. They increasingly feel that the self sense of the meaning of life has the meaning and value.
6.The predictive power of the divorced women’s “personal background factors” on the “resilience against setback” in Taipei area
The subjects’ “age”, “average monthly income”, “religious belief--Catholicism” and “religious belief--Christianism” have reached significant level in the overall “resilience against setback”, which can predict the subjects’ 14% amount of variability of the overall “resilience against setback”, indicating that the subjects who are older in “age”, who have higher “average monthly income”, whose religious beliefs are “Catholicism” or “Christianism” are better in resilience against setback.
7.The predictive power of the divorced women’s “personal background factors” and “sense of the meaning of life” on the “resilience against setback” in Taipei area
The subjects’ “sense of the meaning of life” has reached significant level in the overall “resilience against setback”, which can predict the subjects’ 75% amount of variability of the overall “resilience against setback”, indicating that the more positive the divorced women’s “sense of the meaning of life” on “resilience against setback” is, the better the resilience against setback is.
According to the finding and conclusion in this study, it is suggested that the divorced women should actively learn the second specialty to stabilize and improve family income; they should also participate in more faithful religious activities to acquire the calmness in spirituality by virtue of the faithful religion. They should actively search for methods and channels to strive for child custody or learn to adjust personal emotions. Those divorced women who are older in age and have the longer divorced years should be brave to share their own experience, while those divorced women who are younger in age and have the shorter divorced years should consult more to those older divorced women with longer divorced years. In addition, children with single parent should show solicitude for parent’s pains and actively share the housework, which can bring supporting power for single mother. Moreover, it is suggested that the promotion unit of family education should open the course related to parent-child growth based on the divorced women and single parent. The cases of the divorced women’s successful restoration are actively searched, summarized and established to produce the divorced women’s treatment handbooks and teaching materials. In the end, it is suggested that governmental authority should continuously provide more diversified refresher channels, vocational training opportunities and employment matching for the divorced women, also should regularly hold the courses related to life education and spiritual growth, so as to promote the divorced women’s sense of the meaning of life and strengthen their resilience against setback. |
