| 摘要: | 本論文主要目的是以中國大陸農民抗議文獻、社會運動相關理論以及中共建國至今所提出有關三農政策內容作為分析基礎，藉以瞭解中共土地改革制度實行至今的演變以及這些政策制度與中國農民抗議之間的類型與因果關係。
On the basis of the literature on the mainland China peasants’ protests, social movement theory and three rural issues policy of CPC, this paper aims to explore the causality between changes caused by the implementation of CPC land reform and peasant protests.
For writing this paper, mass media reports on peasant protests from 2010 to 2014 were collected and analyzed: in 2010 there were 48 reports, in 2011 there were 45, in 2012 there were 35, in 2013 there were 83 and in 2014 there were 70 report on the topic. Three years before the 18th CPC congress took place on the 8th of November 2012; the peasant protests had a sign of slight decrease year by year. But during the period between the 18th CPC National Congress and the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC National Congress, namely from the 8th of November 2012 to the 9th of November 2013 the number of the protests increased again; then after the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC National Congress the number of cases of protests gradually reduced again. This fact proves that thought the three rural issues policy adopted before the 18th CPC National Congress is committed to protect farmers; the policy still is not able to solve the problem of contradictions in mainland China’s farmers’ land completely. On the contrary, after the land policy was adopted after the 18th CPC National Congress, say establishment of city and village common market for construction land , establishment of rural real estate transfer market, promotion of opening the rural real estate transfer market, making its operation more fair and standardized, guarantee farmers’ possession, right of inheritance, compensation when leaving as well as the right of mortgage of shares of collective assets, protection of farmers' homestead usufructuary, reformation and improving the system of farmers’ homestead, wisely and carefully promoting the right of mortgage of farmers’ property, guarantee, conveyance, search for new channels of increasing farmers’ income from properties and other elements of policy on three rural issues, because of the concrete implementation of the policy, the number of protests really decreased. Especially, for example in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other coastal provinces, before the 18th CPC National Congers in 2013, according to the number and severity of the protests, these provinces were among three top troublesome area in China, but after the third session of the 18th National Congress, the number of social movements in these three provinces notably decreased.
Chairman of CPC Xi Jinping has always expressed a great concern about rural issues since he assumed the office. Xi Jinping assumes that without rural modernization, without rural prosperity, without farmers’ life and work in peace and contentment, the whole modernization of the country is not complete, is not comprehensive, and is not firm. That’s why the slogan “strong China and strong agriculture, rich China and rich farmers, beautiful China beautiful villages” was put forward.
The study concludes that since the land policy was implemented after the 18th CPC National Congress within just one year and a half, indeed temporary mollified the impetus of tidal wave of peasants’ revolution after the beginning of open door policy. But if the policy of systematization of property rights of “three lands” (arable land, homestead land, land for collective usage) can ultimately solve the contradictions in the usage of land in cities and villages and protect the interests of mainland farmers is still the question of time and needs further investigation and observation. |
