服務貿易協議下兩岸醫療機構相關法規之研究

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Title:	服務貿易協議下兩岸醫療機構相關法規之研究 A Study on Taiwan and China Regulations of Medical Care Institutions under the Trade Agreement in Services
Authors:	宋亮瑤 Sung, Liang-Yao
Contributors:	法律學系碩士在職專班
Keywords:	GATS 特定承諾表兩岸服務貿易協議醫療法醫療財團法人醫院大陸對外醫療法規與政策 GATS、、、、、 Specific Commitments Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement Medical Law medical foundation hospital Foreign investment in medical institutions access policy in China
Date:	2015-07
Issue Date:	2015-08-13 10:15:58 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	2014年台灣的太陽花學運引發了社會對兩岸服務貿易協議的熱烈討論，本文就兩岸服務貿易協議中之健康醫療與社會服務項目進行研究。首先藉由探討並理解WTO架構下GATS條文規範之原理原則，進一步分析GATS中相關健康醫療與社會服務項目開放上的特殊性與面臨之困境。服務貿易在貿易協定中和其他項目不同之處在於其具有以下兩項特質：1.跨國商業據點的呈現(投資)及2.自然人的呈現(管理人員及專業人員入境停留)，由於這兩項關連到國家政策及主權，再加上各國服務業在發展上有極大差距等問題，在WTO框架下的服務貿易協定談判本就進展緩慢，甚至停滯不前，這種現象在具公益色彩的健康醫療與社會服務項目更為明顯。兩岸簽署ECFA架構下之服務貿易協議中有關健康醫療與社會服務項目，其特定承諾表中所呈現的均較兩岸在GATS特定承諾表中市場開放範圍更廣，如何落實對雙方互利的目標是兩岸努力的方向。本文重點在於從法規層面探討台灣在兩岸有關健康醫療與社會服務項目開放後，面對衝擊所應採取之對策；包含1.大陸對於外資(台資)投資醫療服務業，其外資准入法規、醫療法規與政策之探討，並列舉實際投資後所遇到之困境及政府可採取因應之對策。2.台灣開放之醫療服務業主體為醫療財團法人醫院，本文著眼於現行管理監督制度上缺失之探討，並提出相關醫療法規分析修正的建議。 The Sunflower Student Movement in 2014 drew attention to the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement (CSSTA).This thesis embraces the research in the Health and Social Services under the CSSTA, and proposes some suggestions in amending the medical law in Taiwan to countermeasure the impact of the opening market. The obligations mentioned in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) under the WTO framework may be categorized into two broad groups: General obligations and Specific Commitments. GATS distinguishes between four modes of supplying services: 1.cross-border trade,2.consumption abroad,3.commercial presence, 4.presence of natural persons. Modes 3 and 4 are related to national sovereignty and immigration policy, so the committee members are often subject to restrictions and limitations on the foreign investments. In addition , health and social services comprise of public benefit properties, so it is one of the least-committed sectors in GATS. However the WTO members all agree to gradually reduce and eliminate these nonconforming measures and facilitate progressive liberalization in services sectors. The CSSTA under the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) was signed on June 21, 2013. In which Taiwan and China extended the scope of areas open for investments. The implementation of the CSSTA may help Taiwan service suppliers enter the mainland Chinese market with preferable treatment and expand their business opportunities. The thesis suggests that Taiwan government should pay attention to the incorporation of the issues(code and policy) that Taiwan service suppliers are concerned with. On the other side, the management and supervision of medical foundation hospitals in Taiwan must be strengthened by integrated regulations for market access commitments.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Law & Graduate Institute of Law ] thesis

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