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    請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件: https://irlib.pccu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/30138


    題名: 臺北地區女性大學生人格特質、生活壓力與吸菸行為之研究
    A Study of Personality Traits, Life Stress and Smoking Behaviors for Female College Students in Taipei Area
    作者: 徐偉誌
    Hsu, Wei-Chih
    貢獻者: 生活應用科學系
    關鍵詞: 女性大學生
    人格特質
    生活壓力
    吸菸行為
    female college students
    personality traits
    life stress
    smoking behaviors
    日期: 2015-06
    上傳時間: 2015-08-06 13:38:52 (UTC+8)
    摘要: 本研究旨在探討臺北地區女性大學生「人格特質」、「生活壓力」與「吸菸行為」之現況,並暸解不同:「個人背景因素」之臺北地區女性大學生分別在「人格特質」、「生活壓力」以及「吸菸行為」上的差異情形;另探討臺北地區女性大學生分別在「人格特質」、「生活壓力」及「吸菸行為」之相關性。更進一步暸解「個人背景因素」分別對臺北地區女性大學生在「人格特質」、「生活壓力」以及「吸菸行為」上的預測力。
      本研究係採用「調查法」進行資料蒐集,並以「立意取樣」及「滾雪球」之抽樣方式,選取居住於臺北地區(臺北市、新北市)之臺北地區女性大學生為調查對象,正式樣本450 份,實得有效樣本為416 份,有效回收率92.44%。所使用之研究工具,包括:「個人基本資料調查表」、「人格特質量表」、「生活壓力量表」以及「吸菸行為量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體 SPSS for Windows 20.0 進行結果分析,分別以敘述統計、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、以及多元迴歸等統計方法加以分析。本研究旨在探討臺北地區女性大學生人格特質、生活壓力與吸菸行為之關聯性,主要研究結果如下:
    一、臺北地區女性大學生「人格特質」、「生活壓力」與「吸菸行為」之現況
    1. 臺北地區女性大學生之「人格特質」以「友善性」層面之人格特質為最高,而以「情緒穩定性」層面之人格特質為最低。
    2. 臺北地區女性大學生之「生活壓力」傾向於中等程度。其中以「就業壓力」層面為最高,而以「人際壓力」層面為最低。
    3. 臺北地區女性大學生之「吸菸行為」傾向於中度傾向。
    二、臺北地區女性大學生「個人背景因素」對「人格特質」的差異情形
    1. 臺北地區女性大學生之「人格特質」會因「學校類別」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,學校類別為「私立一般大學」、「國立科技大學」及「私立科技大學」者之「外向性」及「友善性」特質顯著高於「國立一般大學」者;「國立一般大學」、「私立一般大學」及「國立科技大學」者之「謹慎性」及「情緒穩定性」特質顯著高於「私立科技大學」。
    2. 臺北地區女性大學生之「人格特質」會因「年級」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,年級為「二年級」者之「情緒穩定性」特質顯著高於「三年級」及「四年級」者。
    3. 臺北地區女性大學生之「人格特質」會因「家庭型態」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,家庭型態為「單親家庭」者之「外向性」及「友善性」特質顯著高於「雙親家庭」者;「雙親家庭」及「大家庭」者之「謹慎性」及「情緒穩定性」特質顯著高於「單親家庭」者。
    4. 臺北地區女性大學生之「人格特質」會因「目前打工狀況」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,目前打工狀況為「兼職」及「全職」者之「外向性」及「友善性」特質顯著高於「無」打工者;「無」打工者之「謹慎性」及「情緒穩定性」特質顯著高於「兼職」者。
    5. 臺北地區女性大學生之「人格特質」會因「父母吸菸情形」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,父母吸菸情形為「父親有吸菸」、「母親有吸菸」及「父母皆吸菸」者之「外向性」及「友善性」特質顯著高於「父母無吸菸」者;「父母無吸菸」者之「謹慎性」及「情緒穩定性」特質顯著高於「父親有吸菸」、「母親有吸菸」及「父母皆吸菸」者。
    三、臺北地區女性大學生「個人背景因素」對「生活壓力」的差異情形
    1. 臺北地區女性大學生之「生活壓力」會因「學校類別」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,學校類別為「國立科技大學」及「私立科技大學」者之「生活壓力」顯著高於「國立一般大學」及「私立一般大學」者。
    2. 臺北地區女性大學生之「生活壓力」會因「年級」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,年級為「四年級」者之「生活壓力」顯著高於「二年級」者。
    3. 臺北地區女性大學生之「生活壓力」會因「家庭型態」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,家庭型態為「單親家庭」者之「生活壓力」顯著高於「雙親家庭」及「大家庭」者。
    4. 臺北地區女性大學生之「生活壓力」會因「目前打工狀況」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,目前打工狀況為「兼職」者之「生活壓力」顯著高於「無」打工及「全職」者。
    5. 臺北地區女性大學生之「生活壓力」會因「父母吸菸情形」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,父母吸菸情形為「父親有吸菸」及「母親有吸菸」者之「生活壓力」顯著高於「父母無吸菸」者。
    四、臺北地區女性大學生「個人背景因素」對「吸菸行為」的差異情形
    1. 臺北地區女性大學生之「吸菸行為」會因「學校類別」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,學校類別為「私立一般大學」、「國立科技大學」及「私立科技大學」者之「吸菸行為」顯著高於「國立一般大學」者;「私立科技大學」者顯著高於「私立一般大學」、「國立科技大學」者。
    2. 臺北地區女性大學生之「吸菸行為」會因「年級」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,年級為「三年級」及「四年級」者之「吸菸行為」顯著高於「二年級」者。
    3. 臺北地區女性大學生之「吸菸行為」會因「家庭型態」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,家庭型態為「單親家庭」者之「吸菸行為」顯著高於「雙親家庭」及「大家庭」者。
    4. 臺北地區女性大學生之「吸菸行為」會因「目前打工狀況」的不同而有顯著差異。其中,目前打工狀況為「兼職」及「全職」者之「吸菸行為」顯著高於「無」打工者。
    5. 臺北地區女性大學生「吸菸行為」會因「父母吸菸情形」不同而有顯著差異。其中,父母吸菸情形為「父親有吸菸」、「母親有吸菸」及「父母皆吸菸」者之「吸菸行為」顯著高於「父母無吸菸」者;「母親有吸菸」者顯著高於「父親有吸菸」及「父母皆吸菸」者。
    五、臺北地區女性大學生的「人格特質」與「吸菸行為」之間相關情形
      臺北地區女性大學生之「外向性」、「友善性」特質與「吸菸行為」達顯著中程度正相關,意即受試者之「外向性」、「友善性」特質愈高,其「吸菸行為」之傾向程度就越高;「謹慎性」、「情緒穩定性」特質與「吸菸行為」達顯著中程度負相關,意即受試者之「謹慎性」、「情緒穩定性」特質愈低,其「吸菸行為」之傾向程度就越高。
    六、臺北地區女性大學生的「生活壓力」與「吸菸行為」之間相關情形
      臺北地區女性大學生之整體「生活壓力」與「吸菸行為」達顯著低程度之正相關,意即受試者之整體「生活壓力」程度愈高,其「吸菸行為」之傾向程度就越高。
    七、臺北地區女性大學生「個人背景因素」、「人格特質」對「吸菸行為」的解釋力情形
      臺北地區女性大學生為「私立科技大學」、「二年級」、「兼職」、「全職」、「父親有吸菸」、「母親有吸菸」及「外向性特質高」者在「吸菸行為」上達顯著水準,顯示此七個因素能預測受試者之「吸菸行為」56 %的解釋量。
    八、臺北地區女性大學生「個人背景因素」、「生活壓力」對「吸菸行為」的解釋力情形
      臺北地區女性大學生為「私立科技大學」、「二年級」、「全職」、「父親有吸菸」、「母親有吸菸」、「家庭壓力大」、「人際壓力小」、「感情壓力大」及「經濟壓力大」者在「吸菸行為」上達顯著水準,顯示此九個因素能預測受試者之「吸菸行為」55 %的解釋量。
    九、臺北地區女性大學生「個人背景因素」、「人格特質」、「生活壓力」對「吸菸行為」的解釋力情形
      臺北地區女性大學生為「私立科技大學」、「父親有吸菸」、「母親有吸菸」、「外向性特質高」、「人際壓力小」及「感情壓力大」者在「吸菸行為」上達顯著水準,顯示此六個因素能預測受試者之「吸菸行為」59 %的解釋量。
      根據上述研究結果,建議女性大學生宜審慎考量菸品的使用,加強菸害方面之知能,提升健康意識,並考慮以良好的替代方案取代吸菸行為,多從事戶外活動和培養規律的運動習慣,避免自身以不良的行為來宣洩情緒壓力;有吸菸行為之家長,宜多關注子女的身心狀況與不良的生活習慣,並審慎斟酌個人之吸菸行為可能帶給子女的不良影響,以幫助子女建立一個良好的生活習慣;除此之外,建議政府相關單位及學校機構持續加強菸害防治與健康概念之宣導,並建議學校輔導單位加強心理衛生教育,留意學生心理層面的感受及情緒壓力,培養學生壓力調適之技能。
    The purpose of study is to explore the current status of “personality traits”, “life stress” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students in Taipei area. We analyzed the differences and correlations among them as a result of personal background, and from which we evaluated the factors of personal background in the subjects of interest.
      This study was performed with the questionnaire survey method, by adopting the proportionate purposive sampling scheme, on the sample of 450 female college students residing in Taipei area (including Taipei City and New Taipei City), among which 416 are valid returns (92.44%). The questionnaire survey was preceded with a “personal background questionnaire”, “Personality Traits Scale”, “Life Stress Scale”, and Smoking Behaviors Scale. All the data collected were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 20.0 with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé Method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The major findings are highlighted below:
    A. The current status of “personality traits”, “life stress” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students in Taipei area
    1. In the aspect of “agreeableness” of “personality traits” is the highest for female college students in Taipei area, while the aspect of “neuroticism” is lowest.
    2. “Life stress” is at moderate level for female college students in Taipei area. Among others, the aspect of “employment” is the highest, while the aspect of “interpersonal” is lowest.
    3. “Smoking behaviors” is at moderate level for female college students in Taipei area.
    B. Personal background as a factor in “personality traits” for female college students in Taipei area
    1. There is a significant differences between “school types” and “personality traits” for female college students, in which “extraversion” and “agreeableness” of subjects of “private college”, “national and private college of science and technology” are significantly higher than those of “national college”; “conscientiousness” and “neuroticism” of subjects of “national college”, “private college”, “national college of science and technology” are significantly higher than those of “private college of science and technology”.
    2. There is a significant differences between “grade” and “personality traits” for female college students, in which “neuroticism” of subjects of “sophomore” is significantly higher than those of “junior” and “senior”.
    3. There is a significant differences between “family types” and “personality traits” for female college students, in which “extraversion” and “agreeableness” of subjects of “single parent family” is significantly higher than those of “parental family”; “conscientiousness” and “neuroticism” of subjects of “parental family” and “big family” are significantly higher than those of “single parent family”.
    4. There is a significant differences between “work conditions” and “personality traits” for female college students, in which “extraversion” and “agreeableness” of subjects of “part-time job” and “full-time job” are significantly higher than those of “no job”; “conscientiousness” and “neuroticism” of subjects of “no job” is significantly higher than those of “part-time job”.
    5. There is a significant differences between “parent’s smoking conditions” and “personality traits” for female college students, in which “extraversion” and “agreeableness” of subjects of “fathers smoked”, “mothers smoked” and “both of parent smoked” are significantly higher than those of “parents no smoked”; “conscientiousness” and “neuroticism” of subjects of “parents no smoked” is significantly higher than those of “fathers smoked”, “mothers smoked” and “both of parents smoked”.
    C. Personal background as a factor in “life stress” for female college students in Taipei area
    1. There is a significant differences between “school types” and “life stress” for female college students, in which the overall “life stress” of subjects of “national and private college of science and technology” are significantly higher than those of “national and private college”.
    2. There is a significant differences between “grade” and “life stress” for female college students, in which the overall “life stress” of subjects of “senior” is significantly higher than those of “sophomore”.
    3. There is a significant differences between “family types” and “life stress” for female college students, in which the overall “life stress” of subjects of “single parent family” is significantly higher than those of “parental family” and “big family”.
    4. There is a significant differences between “work conditions” and “life stress” for female college students, in which the overall “life stress” of subjects of “part-time job” is significantly higher than those of “no job” and “full-time job”.
    5. There is a significant differences between “parent’s smoking conditions” and “life stress” for female college students, in which the overall “life stress” of subjects of “fathers smoked” and “mothers smoked” are significantly higher than those of “parents no smoked”.
    D. Personal background as a factor in “smoking behaviors” for female college students in Taipei area
    1. There is a significant differences between “school types” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students, in which the “smoking behaviors” of subjects of “private college”, “national and private college of science and technology” are significantly higher than those of “national college”.
    2. There is a significant differences between “grade” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students, in which the “smoking behaviors” of subjects of “junior” and “senior” is significantly higher than those of “sophomore”.
    3. There is a significant differences between “family types” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students, in which the “smoking behaviors” of subjects of “single parent family” is significantly higher than those of “parental family” and “big family”.
    4. There is a significant differences between “work conditions” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students, in which the “smoking behaviors” of subjects of “part-time job” and “full-time job” are significantly higher than those of “no job”.
    5. There is a significant differences between “parent’s smoking conditions” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students, in which the “smoking behaviors” of subjects of “fathers smoked”, “mothers smoked” and “both of parent smoked” are significantly higher than those of “parents no smoked”.
    E. The correlation between “personality traits” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students in Taipei area
      There is a moderate and positive correlation between “extraversion, “agreeableness” traits and “smoking behaviors” for female college students in Taipei area, indicating that the higher “extraversion” and “agreeableness” traits they have, the higher “smoking behaviors” they do; There is a moderate and negative correlation between “conscientiousness”, “neuroticism” traits and “smoking behaviors”, indicating that the lower “conscientiousness” and “neuroticism” traits they have, the higher “smoking behaviors” they do.
    F. The correlation between “life stress” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students in Taipei area
    There is a mild and positive correlation between “life stress” and “smoking behaviors” for female college students in Taipei area, indicating that the higher “life stress” they have, the higher “smoking behaviors” they do.
    G. The predictive power of female college student’s “personal background” and “personality traits” on “smoking behaviors” in Taipei area
    The factors of “private college of science and technology”, “sophomore”, “part-time job”, “full-time job”, “fathers smoked”, “mothers smoked”, and “extraversion traits” have significant effects on smoking behaviors. These seven factors can be used to predict 56% variability of smoking behaviors of the samples.
    H. The predictive power of female college student’s “personal background” and “life stress” on “smoking behaviors” in Taipei area
    The factors of “private college of science and technology”, “sophomore”, “full-time job”, “fathers smoked”, “mothers smoked”, “family stress”, “interpersonal stress”, “emotional stress”, and “economic stress” have significant effects on smoking behaviors. These nine factors can be used to predict 55% variability of smoking behaviors of the samples.
    I. The predictive power of female college student’s “personal background”, “personality traits” and “life stress” on “smoking behaviors” in Taipei area
    The factors of “private college of science and technology”, “fathers smoked”, “mothers smoked”, “family stress”, “extraversion traits”, “interpersonal stress”, and “emotional stress” have significant effects on smoking behaviors. These six factors can be used to predict 59% variability of smoking behaviors of the samples.
      According to the finding and conclusion in this study, it is suggested that female college students should consider cautiously for using tobacco products, increase ability and knowledge of tobacco hazards and increase health awareness, moreover consider substitute smoking behaviors by other well- schemes, also do outdoor activities more frequently and cultivate regular exercise habit to avoid letting off stress by maladaptive behaviors. The parents who smoked should give attention to children that their physical and mental state and bad behaviors, then consider cautiously that personal smoking behaviors may bring adverse effect to children, and try to help them develop a good habit in life. In addition, there were also some advices for government and school: they’d better keep boosting tobacco control, health concept and mental health education, then notice student’s feelings of mental and emotional stress, foster students stress adaptation ability.
    顯示於類別:[生活應用科學系暨生活應用科學研究所] 博碩士論文

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