| 摘要: | 本研究立基於活躍老化觀點探討獨居老人晚年的生活情形，探究獨居老人對於福利服務的認知與地區性差異，是否會影響其活躍老化的狀況以及活躍老化的影響因素。以台北市士林區348位列冊之獨居老人為對象，以結構式問卷及面訪方式進行調查。資料蒐集期間為2013年10月至2013年12月。問卷一共回收250份，完訪率為71.8%。研究方法，以卡方檢定來檢定兩兩變項之間的相關性，本研究之依變項為有程度差異的多類別變項，自變項由多個類別變項所組成，故採用次序迴歸分析。研究結果，台北市士林區的獨居老人男性的比例多於女性，年齡方面80歲以上的老老人最多約有四成左右(42.6%)，年輕老人的比例最少(13.3%)。省籍方面以本省人(含客家人)為多數。教育程度方面，國小程度的最多，但值得注意的是擁有高中職以上學歷者，比例也不少。婚姻狀況方面以分居、離婚及喪偶者最多。有七成左右的獨居老人有子女。七成六的獨居老人有宗教信仰。福利服務認知方面，有將近八成(79.1%)的獨居老人知道四項(含)以上的福利服務。次分區方面共有七個區，由於研究樣本以及生活型態將其合併為四區；合併後以街後區(合併街上次分區和後港次分區)最多(34.8%)，最少為陽明山次分區(12.8%)。在活躍老化方面，士林區獨居老人以一項活躍老化者為多數(49.1%)，其次為兩個面向活躍者有71位(31.7%)；三個面向都活躍者僅有27位(12.1%)；最少則是皆不活躍者有16位(7.1%)。研究結果顯示，獨居老人之活躍老化會因為省籍、教育程度、福利服務的認知以及地區的不同而有所差異。
建議服務提供單位應該針對不同的次分區在活躍老化的健康、參與、安全層面，相對較弱勢的層面提供進一步的協助。在健康層面，應關注街後區獨居老人的健康狀況，提供居家環境清掃、住宅環境改善、身體照顧、或是與社區的鄰里辦公室合作提供居家式服務的協助。在參與層面，應該思考如何提高社子區參與的頻率、頻率以及參與動機，因為社子區距離服務中心的距離相對較遠，交通不便可能導致其參與活動的頻率下降，建議可以擴充管道，進而推動相關的活動或課程，以促進其參與的頻率和增加參與管道。在安全層面建議進一步檢視社子區相關的經濟補助與資源申請的狀況。建議台北市政府，應該立基於活躍老化的架構，調整福利服務的提供，避免偏重於經濟弱勢的獨居老人，以便福利可以更貼近使用者。研究限制部分資料的收集僅限於士林區的獨居老人，要推論到台北市或全台灣其他地區的獨居老人實屬困難，建議未來研究可以擴大資料蒐集範圍。本研究量化為主的調查分析，僅能就所蒐集之數據資料進行分析，無法了解獨居老人對於活躍老化的主觀看法，建議未來研究可以針對此再做進一步的分析與探討。
This study builds on the active aging perspective to explore the life situation of the elderly living alone, elderly people living alone to explore regional differences in cognitive and welfare services, will affect the status of active aging and active aging factors. A case series in Shilin 348 the book elderly people of the object to structure questionnaires and interviews conducting the inquiry. During the data collection for the October 2013-December 2013. A total of 250 questionnaires recovered, complete visit was 71.8%. Research methods, chi-square test to test the correlation between any two variables, depending on the variables in this study is more categorical variables there are differences of degree, by a number of independent variables consisting of categorical variables, so the use of the ordered logistic regression. The result, the proportion of elderly people living alone in the Shilin District of Taipei men than women, aged over 80 years old respect for the elderly up to About 40% of approximately (42.6%), a minimum proportion of young elderly (13.3%). Ethnic group regard to Taiwanese (including Hakka) for most. Educational attainment, most primary level, but it is worth noting that those who have a high school education level and above, the proportion of a lot. Marital status to separated, divorced and widowed most. About 70 percent of elderly people living alone with children. Elderly people living alone 76 percent religious. Cognitive aspects of welfare services, nearly eighty percent (79.1%) of the elderly people living alone know the four (or more) of welfare services. A total of seven areas, according to the study sample and lifestyle merge into four areas; Street area after the merger with (merger street and Hougang) most (34.8%), a minimum of Yangmingshan second partition (12.8%). Active aging aspect, Shilin District elderly people living alone in a majority of active aging persons (49.1%), followed by those who have two active 71 (31.7%); only 27 are active for three persons (12.1%); least the there is neither active persons 16 (7.1%). The results showed that the active elderly people living alone because of Ethnic group aging, education, welfare services and areas of cognitive vary.
It recommends that the service provider should be partition for different times of healthy active aging, participation, security level, the relatively weak level, to provide further assistance. In healthy level, should be concerned about the health of elderly people living alone after neighborhoods, providing clean home environment, improve residential environment, health care, or in cooperation with neighborhood community office provides home-service assistance. Participation level, should consider how to improve the frequency of participation Shetzu region, frequency and Motivation, because Shetzu area relatively far distance from the service center, traffic inconvenience this may cause a decline in the frequency of their participation, the proposed pipeline can be expanded, and then promote related activities or programs to promote the frequency of their participation and increased participation pipeline. Recommends further examine the situation in the security level Shetzu area related economic benefits and resources apply. It recommends that the Taipei City Government, should be founded on active aging architecture, adjusted to provide welfare services, avoiding emphasis on economically disadvantaged elderly people living alone, so that welfare can be closer to the user. Limitations of the study some of the information collected is limited to elderly people living alone Shihlin district, it is difficult to infer to the elderly living alone in Taipei or Taiwan in other regions, suggestions for future research could expand the scope of data collection. Investigation and analysis of this study to quantify based, only analyzed for the collection of data, can not understand the elderly people living alone for active aging subjective view, suggestions for future research could do for this further analysis and discussion. |
