| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討臺灣地區京劇表演人員肌肉骨骼傷害發生概況及工作能力情形。研究施測工具採用勞動及職業安全衛生研究所翻譯之「挪威肌肉骨骼傷害症狀調查表」(NMQ)及「工作能力指數量表」(WAI)。研究對象為臺灣地區京劇表演劇團之表演人員，共計發出112份問卷，回收後扣除回答不良及無效問卷後，共計有效問卷為92份，有效回收率為82.14%。
問卷回收後資料統計分析後之研究結果如下：
1.該產業從業人員安全衛生教育訓練及健康管理之實施情形並不理想，而缺乏教育訓練的受評者，傷害普遍稍多且工作能力也略低。
2.京劇表演工作者在肌肉骨骼方面之傷害發生機率相當普遍，尤其以腰或下背部、膝蓋、腳或腳踝等部位尤其明顯，其比例超過二分之ㄧ。對於肢體動作需求高者其肌肉骨骼傷害情形較其他表演型態者略為嚴重。其他如「性別」、「年齡」、「教育程度」、「婚姻狀況」、「運動」及「就職身分別」等背景因素影響經檢定後則未達顯著水準，但劇團就職者肌肉骨骼傷害部位數呈現較實習生多之情形。
3.受訪者在工作能力指數方面多數為「普通」以上，平均數值則為「良」，顯示目前京劇表演工作者自評工作能力大多應能勝任所屬工作，且認為未來兩年內仍可繼續從事目前之工作。而透過背景分析，只有「是否靜態」肢體表現及「是否武打」肢體表現兩者達顯著差異性，「靜態」及「非武打、翻滾跌撲」者呈現較佳之工作能力。其他個人變項雖然未達顯著水準，但由平均數觀察可發現61~65歲年齡層之工作能力指數呈現明顯下降情形，而實習生工作能力得分平均高於劇團就職者。
4.肌肉骨骼傷害與否與工作能力指數呈現高度顯著差異性，顯示此產業中肌肉骨骼傷害越嚴重者，其工作能力指數得分越低。
This study aims to investigate the general situation of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) occurred in Peking Opera actors in Taiwan and their work ability. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Work Ability Index (WAI) Scale translated by Institute of Labor, occupational safety and health were used as the main research surveying tools. Taiwanese Peking Opera actors and interns were taken as the study subject and 92 valid questionnaires were returned. The study results are as follows:
1. The safety and health education and training, and health management are not prevalent for the workers of Peking Opera. The lack of education and training of the respondents are tended to have more injuries and lower work ability.
2. It is very common for Peking Opera performers to have musculoskeletal disorders. The waist, lower back, knee, foot, and the ankle are the most frequent injured for more than 50 %. The respondents with more physical movement required tend to have more musculoskeletal disorders than others. Gender, age, education, marital status, exercise, and workers or interns are not significantly related to their performance, but the musculoskeletal disorders of employees show a greater number than that of interns.
3. The work abilities of most respondents are above “average” according to the work ability index. It indiated that the actors of Taiwanese Peking Opera are generally capable of performing their jobs. Moreover, they still considered within the next two years continue to engage in the present work. The actors with the physical performance of static (singing and reciting) or non-martial arts show higher work ability as well as these two variables reached significant difference level. Although other personal variables does not represent significant levels, but the actors of 61 to 65 years old show significant drop in the work ability, and the work ability index average of the interns is higher than that of the employees.
4. In general, musculoskeletal disorders show a significant influence to work ability index, it indicates that the more serious musculoskeletal disorders, the work ability index of respondents is lower. |
