| 摘要: | 台灣對於貧窮問題的解決策略一直以社會救助為主，政府雖然在福利上強調家庭與個人仍應負擔相當責任，但受到西方福利思潮的影響，在解決貧窮的策略上仍有朝向福利國家發展的企圖。本研究有鑑於貧窮人口持續增加、貧窮問題持續存在的社會背景為出發點，在既有社會救助以濟貧為消極目的、以脫貧為積極目的的理念下，政府依循政策架構與社會需求並參酌國外經驗下所開展的就業自立模式、教育投資模式、資產累積模式等脫貧政策及其所形成的方案計畫，能否有效解決貧窮問題，並達成社會救助的目標。
本研究之結論包括：一、社會救助法修訂後，脫貧政策的內涵及方向得以確立；二、實際執行上，著重救助行政而輕忽個案管理的重要性；三、影響家戶脫貧與否的因素眾多，脫貧成功率不高（福利依賴危機）；四、脫貧政策執行成效仍有待加強：(一)經費與人力投入度仍不足；(二)脫貧方案執行限制待克服；(三)脫貧方案服務涵蓋度偏低；(四)行政優先性重視程度偏低。對於未來脫貧政策執行與規劃之建議為：一、改變脫貧政策實施結構，提供有工作能力者多元脫貧策略；二、持續加強脫貧個案管理工作以及提升服務對象之人力資本；三、建立脫貧方案服務對象追蹤服務機制；四、明列各項脫貧方案經費來源與比例；五、強化脫貧服務的整合模式。六、調整資產累積脫貧模式之做法：(一)增加方案參與人數；(二)延長方案實施期程；(三)加強親代脫貧動機；(四)加強課程縱深設計；七、爭取適當資源，持續進行相關研究。
To fight with poverty have been an important goal of many governments’ administration. Traditional public assistance, drawing largely on the income maintenance strategy, seemed ineffective in tackling the poverty problems. In recent years, the assets accumulation theory has been adopt to assist needy people and carried out some experimental programs in Taiwan. Those experimental programs showed some effects on helping needy people for eradicating poverty. However, any policy and system are unable to avoid the restriction on the structure and effects while it meets different society cultures. Thus, we should examine whether the assets accumulation welfare theory suit for Taiwan and how would it develop in the future. This project is going to explore and organize the policy maker and practitioner’s experience and opinions to suggest the eradicating poverty poicy in Taiwan.
The conclusions of this study are that the Social Assistance Act amendments firmed the poverty alleviation policy, the administration system still lack of case management while implementation, low-income households who were out of poverty via the programs were not in a high rate due to welfare dependency. Then, there are some limits of implementation including lacking of funds and manpower, some implementation limits were not overcame, the low coverage of programs and services,etc.. Thus, the study suggest that provides multivariate strategy to increase the ability of service users, enhancing case management services, enriching the resourcesTo fight with poverty have been an important goal of many governments’ administration. Traditional public assistance, drawing largely on the income maintenance strategy, seemed ineffective in tackling the poverty problems. In recent years, the assets accumulation theory has been adopt to assist needy people and carried out some experimental programs in Taiwan. Those experimental programs showed some effects on helping needy people for eradicating poverty. However, any policy and system are unable to avoid the restriction on the structure and effects while it meets different society cultures. Thus, we should examine whether the assets accumulation welfare theory suit for Taiwan and how would it develop in the future. This project is going to explore and organize the policy maker and practitioner’s experience and opinions to suggest the eradicating poverty poicy in Taiwan.
The conclusions of this study are that the Social Assistance Act amendments firmed the poverty alleviation policy, the administration system still lack of case management while implementation, low-income households who were out of poverty via the programs were not in a high rate due to welfare dependency. Then, there are some limits of implementation including lacking of funds and manpower, some implementation limits were not overcame, the low coverage of programs and services,etc.. Thus, the study suggest that provides multivariate strategy to increase the ability of service users, enhancing case management services, enriching the resourcesTo fight with poverty have been an important goal of many governments’ administration. Traditional public assistance, drawing largely on the income maintenance strategy, seemed ineffective in tackling the poverty problems. In recent years, the assets accumulation theory has been adopt to assist needy people and carried out some experimental programs in Taiwan. Those experimental programs showed some effects on helping needy people for eradicating poverty. However, any policy and system are unable to avoid the restriction on the structure and effects while it meets different society cultures. Thus, we should examine whether the assets accumulation welfare theory suit for Taiwan and how would it develop in the future. This project is going to explore and organize the policy maker and practitioner’s experience and opinions to suggest the eradicating poverty poicy in Taiwan.
The conclusions of this study are that the Social Assistance Act amendments firmed the poverty alleviation policy, the administration system still lack of case management while implementation, low-income households who were out of poverty via the programs were not in a high rate due to welfare dependency. Then, there are some limits of implementation including lacking of funds and manpower, some implementation limits were not overcame, the low coverage of programs and services,etc.. Thus, the study suggest that provides multivariate strategy to increase the ability of service users, enhancing case management services, enriching the resources of funds of programs, and strengthen the service integration system , etc.. |
