| 摘要: | 近幾年下來，在全球氣候異常變化下，臺灣地區每年均會遭受不同程度與類型的天然災害影響，並且現今社會弱勢族群人口逐年增加，相對於再面對這些天然災害，對這些弱勢族群在面對災害之減災、整備、應變與復原階段，皆應有特殊之考量因素，也因此災害防救的工作亦逐漸受到相對重視，本研究在建立防災基礎資料庫相關資料與應用分析之研究，首先收集相關論文文獻資料，在相關文獻資料有社區防災、風險度評估、資料庫建立、地理資訊系統等，在現況資料收集與基地勘查後，從文獻中得知GIS分析模組、GIS轉檔、層級分析法、次級資料蒐集法、圖層套疊分析法等相關分析方法，再來調查基地得現況相關土地使用與核對資料，清楚基地之特性。
本研究基地範圍以新北市新店區永安里、新和里、永平里三里範圍內做CAD轉GIS面資料，並做部分都市承載力、危險度、安全度等分析評估，週遭環境面臨山坡地.新店溪等天然屏障，在洪水發生災害時，應用地理資訊系統面資料中研究分道路系统、建築物系统、非建築使用系統、水域系統、綠地系統、現況街框系統、都市計畫系統等，結果做為都市承載力評估、危險度分級、安全度分級等之一個基本防災系統評估說明瞭解，在建立資料時，CAD檔要細部的分圖層與修正，線條也要加以修為正確，才可以完整的進入GIS建立面域資料，基礎圖資資料庫建立易不容易又耗時，在擴大之建造考慮加入防治災害系統與環境現況的完善結合，給在地居民、弱勢族群等的一個安全無疑的環境，建立完善整合整體的建築環境。
在本論文研究中，首先從外挖仔基地做調查與記錄，基地現況調查出避難據點有新和國小、天山公園、里民活動中心、空地、停車場等據點，其中以新和國小為大避難面積據點與容人數最多，在接下去調查基地的危險據點，在基地現況中得知有同達興瓦斯分裝場、安和加油站、新安和加氣站三個大型的油氣類危險據點，其中細說同達興瓦斯分裝場為油罐車裝瓦斯入場在分裝為家用的20公斤瓦斯桶裝，其中爆炸過火災與數次，此為基地的最大危險據點，安和加油站為加汽機車的92.95.98.柴油等油品類化學災害危險據點，新安和加氣站為加計程車改裝瓦斯車的瓦斯加氣站，安和加油站與新安和加氣站為儲存大量的易燃油與爆炸性的瓦斯氣體，也為機動性的危險據點，以有爆炸、燃燒、氣爆等公共安全設施問題，影響環境很大，再來調查基地現況的消防安全點，調查中得知有新店區第四大隊的安和消防分隊，還有得知道現況的防災需求與資料。
在取得基地現況的地形圖，分為六張，在以CAD合併與資料分層繪製整理，再來以地形圖圖層分別出地形高程、建築物、河川、道路、街廓等基本圖資料，在以地形高程修正資料，再由GIS跑出IDW、IDW rastertin、IDW Contour地形輪廓、HillShe IDW地形日照陰影、Aspect IDW地形坡向、Slope IDW地形坡度、Reclass IDW地形平面分佈、Corridor走廊等圖資料，建築物圖資料先修正整理成完整的資料，再由GIS分出樓層高與構造兩個欄位，再分別展示出樓層高與構造的展示圖，河川資料先整理修正，再由GIS跑出面域資料，再來是街廓資料先由CAD整理修正成完整的資料，在複製分出獨立出道路網圖資料，分別繪製出道路中心線與區塊資料，再由GIS建立面域資料與線性兩種資料，在建立完基本資料庫後，再以建築物圖資與街廓交叉分析出容積率、建蔽率、承載力評估，再以街廓資料與道路資料作交叉分析出評估街廓含道路面積圖，再以道路中心線作時區分析與街廓資料作相關資料分析，以分鐘數作分析基本的模組，再以都市計畫圖建出基本土地使用資料，以基地現況建出現況的土地使用類別，兩個作比較，再以GIS匯入建築物、街廓、道路、地形、現況使用、河川資料跑出展示兩筆資料，分別是地形3D立體圖與現況使用3D立體圖，以WD97資料作基本座標，得到完整的基地資料庫、分析、3D立體圖資料。
結果得到基地都市計畫區圖、現況使用圖、地形圖IDW與坡度、坡向圖等、建築物得到現況的樓高與構造分佈圖、現況的街廓圖、道路分佈與路徑等基本資料庫資料，也得到建蔽率評估圖其中最低為1.189882到3484，以永安街附近兩側街廓為主要最低建蔽率，其中最高為143944到584459，以加油站附近為主要最高建蔽率，容積率評估圖其中最低為0到1，以安和路三段與新和街轉角的街廓為主要最低容積率，其中最高為5.9到9，以新和街與永安街交叉路口兩側的街廓為主要最高容積率，承載力評估圖其中最低為0到71，以永安街的天山公園附近的街廓為主要最低承載力，承載力評估圖其中最高為880到1746，以靠河川警察局附近的街廓為主要最低主要最高承載力，建築物構造，其中以鋼筋混泥土構造最安全，其中鐵皮屋構造最危險，建築物樓高分佈，其中以1樓最低樓層，其中以19樓最高樓層，國小避難時區以1-10分，國小中心點與附近最快逃生安全，10分後離國小最遠，較危險區域，現況土地使用分區圖，以安和加油站與新安和加油站跟同達興最為危險點使用，以安和分局與安和消防局為最救援據點，再來以天山公園等空地為最安全據點，道路寬度分佈其中以1公尺以下最為最小的道路寬度，以分佈在住宅中的巷道與巷弄為主要分佈，其中最寬的道路為23公尺，以永安街、新和街、永平街、安和路三段這四條主要的通勤道路與避難運輸道路，其中街廓含道路面積最低為74.396979到1450，以分佈在永安街兩邊的街廓為主要的最低分佈，最高為12291到43213，以分佈在靠河川邊的街廓為最高含道路面積，道路避難強度分析最強度為56.555598到214，以分佈在新和國小附近的道路為主要最高，最弱以426到660，以分佈在尖山下附近的道路巷弄為主要最弱使用，其他Corridor走廊圖、ViewsheIDW地形視域圖、Reclass IDW地形平面分佈圖、HillShe IDW地形日照陰影圖、Reclass 重新分類圖、Cost Allocatance 都市分配圖，地形與現況使用3D立體圖，呈現出建築路的分佈與山形地立體呈現，明顯看出基地的特性與分佈的建築物樓高與數量多少，與路網的分佈與逃生的路徑，其他以供防災上的應用與分析。
The past few years, the global climate anomalies, Taiwan each year will suffer the effects of different degrees and types of natural disasters, and now increasing social dis-advantaged groups of the population each year, with respect to face these natural disas-ters, these disadvantaged groups in in the face of disaster mitigation, preparedness, re-sponse and recovery phase, there should be special of all considerations, disaster Pre-vention and Relief of work and therefore are gradually being relative importance, in this study the establishment of disaster prevention research in basic database and application analysis of relevant information, first collect the relevant papers literature, in the rele-vant literature there is community disaster prevention, risk assessment, to establish the database, geographic information systems, etc., in the current information collection and base exploration, that GIS analysis module from the literature, GIS file conversion , correlation analysis AHP, secondary data collection methods, layers nested analysis method, the base was again the status of the investigation related to land use and verify the information, clear base of properties.
The scope of the research base in New Taipei City Xindian District Wing, new and where in three years within the scope of Yongping do turn GIS CAD surface data and do analysis and evaluation section of urban capacity, risk, safety, etc., facing hillside sur-roundings . Xindian Creek and other natural barriers in the flood disaster, the application of geographic information systems research sub-surface data in road systems, building systems, the use of non-building systems, water systems, green space system, the status of street box systems, urban planning system the results as a city bearing capacity, risk classification, safety rating, etc. a basic understanding of disaster prevention system as-sessment notes, in the establishment of information, CAD files to detail the sub-layers and correction, but also to repair the line right before You can complete the establish-ment of regions into the GIS data base map data repository is not easy to build and easy and time-consuming, consider joining the construction of the expansion of disaster pre-vention systems with the complete status of the environment, to a secure local residents, and other disadvantaged groups no doubt the environment, establish and improve the integration of the entire built environment.
In this thesis, first dig from outside Aberdeen base to do research and record the status of the investigations refuge stronghold base of new and small country, Tianshan Park resident. Activity centers, open spaces, parking and other positions, which is new and small country Great refuge area with capacity up to the number of positions in the next survey base dangers stronghold, in the current situation that has the same base in Da Xing gas dispensing field, Ann gas stations, filling stations Xin and three large oil and gas danger stronghold, where elaborate Hing gas dispensing with the field-mounted gas tank packing for home admission in the 20 kg bottled gas, which had fire and several explosions, this is the greatest danger stronghold base, Ann refueling station plus steam locomotive 92.95.98 diesel and other oil-based chemical hazard stronghold, Xin'an and gas filling stations plus taxi modified car gas filling stations, gas stations and Xin'an Ann and filling stations to store large amounts of Easy Fuel with explosive methane gas, but also for the mobility of dangerous positions, to have explosions, combustion, gas explo-sion and other public safety issues, a great impact on the environment, fire safety point base again investigate the status of the investigation that there are Ann and fire brigade units Xindian District IV, as well as get to know the status of disaster prevention and da-ta needs.
In obtaining the status of base topographic map is divided into six, in order to merge with the CAD drawing data stratified finishing, come to topographic map layers are the terrain elevation, buildings, rivers, roads, street blocks base map data, in amendments to terrain elevation data, and then ran out of the GIS IDW, IDW rastertin, IDW Contour terrain profile, HillShe IDW shadow sunshine terrain, Aspect IDW terrain slope, Slope IDW terrain slope, Reclass IDW flat terrain distribution, Corridor corridor diagram data, building diagram information be corrected organized into complete in-formation, and then separated from the GIS floors high and construct two fields, and then show floor were high and constructed a diagram showing, finishing first data cor-rection river, then ran from the GIS surface domain information, come first by the CAD data is street blocks into a complete data consolidation correction, Copy separated out in separate road network diagram data were drawn centerline of the road and block data, and then create a linear surface domain data and information provided by two GIS, in the establishment of complete basic database, map data and then to building cross-analysis of the volume rate of street blocks, Jian Bilv, carrying capacity assess-ment, then street blocks of information and road information for cross-analysis of the assessment area street blocks containing road map, and then to the road centerline for time zone information for analysis and street blocks data Analysis to the number of minutes for analysis basic module, and then to build the basic city planning diagram land use information to build the status of the base case of the emergence of land use categories, the two compare, then import GIS buildings, street blocks , roads, terrain, the status of the use of river information ran shows two sets of data, namely terrain 3D per-spective view of the current status of the use of the 3D chart to WD97 data for basic co-ordinates, to get a complete base repository, analysis, 3D perspective view of the data.
The results obtained base city planning area map, status use maps and topographic map IDW slope, aspect graph, get storey building and construction maps the status, the status of street blocks map, road, path, distribution and basic repository Information has also been among the lowest Jian Bilv assessment maps 1.189882 to 3484, to street blocks on both sides of the main street near the lowest Jianbi Lv Yong, of which a max-imum of 143,944 to 584,459, the highest in the vicinity of the gas station as the main Jianbi Shuai, the volume of which the lowest rate of assessment maps 0-1 to Ann Sec and new street blocks and street corners as the main minimum volume rate, the highest of 5.9 to 9, with street blocks new and Street and Wing Street intersection on both sides of the main maximum floor area ratio carrying capacity assessment maps which mini-mum 0-71, Tianshan Park Wing Street near the main street blocks minimum capacity, carrying capacity assessment maps in which up to 880-1746 to the police station by the river near the main street blocks Minimum main maximum capacity, building structure, in which the reinforced concrete structure of the safest and most dangerous of which metal housing construction, distribution storey building, which floor the lowest floor to the 19th floor where the highest floors, small evacuation zone 1-10 points, Near the center of a small country with the fastest escape security, after 10 minutes from a small country far, more dangerous area, the status of land use zoning map to Ann gas stations and gas stations with the same Xin'an Hing most dangerous point in use to Ann and Ann Branch Fire Department rescue base for the most, come to the open space of Tianshan Park safest stronghold, a road width of 1 meter or less distributed among the most min-imum width of the road, to be distributed in the roadway and residential alley as the main distribution, one of the most wide road of 23 meters, with Wing On Street, New Street, Yongping Street, Ann Sec these four major commuter roads and evacuation road transport, the road area in which street blocks containing a minimum of 74.396979 to 1450, to be distributed in the main street blocks Yongan Jie Liangbian minimum distri-bution, up to 12,291 to 43,213, to be distributed by street blocks in the river side of the road area containing the highest road refuge strength analysis of the most strength 56.555598 to 214 to road distribution in new and small country near the main maximum, the weakest in 426-660, to distribute the alleys near the main road weakest used in the Eagle's Nest, other Corridor Corridor diagram, ViewsheIDW terrain sight diagram, Reclass IDW topographic plane distribution, HillShe IDW terrain sunshine shadow maps, Reclass re-classification map, Cost Allocatance urban distribution maps, terrain and the status of the use of 3D perspective view showing the construction of the road distribution Yamagata to three-dimensional rendering, evident characteristics of the base and storey building with a number of how many distribution, and distribution path of escape road network, application and analysis for disaster prevention on the other. |
