全球都市化迅速發展，造成自然環境破碎化和棲地喪失，進而改變了物種的生存環境。猛禽位居生態體系中的頂級消費者，對環境品質敏感，為生態環境良好的重要指標。本研究以已適應都會環境的猛禽為題，從不同尺度探討日夜行猛禽對大台北都會綠地空間的偏好之影響因子。
研究區域選取台北市與新北市範圍內的64個綠地，係以鳳頭蒼鷹(Accipiter trivirgatus)與領角鴞(Otus lettia) 進行其停棲位點偏好之棲地調查，記錄其停棲位點同時進行綠地樣區內的微棲地植栽結構調查，並透過都會綠地空間梯度變化與面積資料，瞭解猛禽在都會梯度空間分布與面積大小偏好相關性，應用綠地樣區土地利用覆蓋類別數化，分析不同綠地土地覆蓋面積利用類型特徵，並嘗試以綠地結構自然度指數分析對綠地面積之偏好推估相關影響因子，進一步對鷹與鴞棲地偏好空間性因子資料分析，在土地覆蓋類型利用常態化差異植生指數(NDVI)供作為指標分析，及巨棲地建立相關影響因子之分布預測模式，及利用GIS分析工具環域(Buffer)建立綠地空間周邊距離影響圈範圍。
研究結果顯示，總共發現18個和16個綠地中各有鳳頭蒼鷹與領角鴞出現。利用二元邏輯回歸分析在喬木胸徑(p=0.024)、喬木截面積和(p=0.034)、喬木面積比例(p=0.048)的微棲地環境因子皆有極顯著性。在都會梯度方面，鷹和鴞均較偏好停棲於低度開發之綠地(50.0% / 66.7%)；面積則偏好較大型之綠地(27.6% / 51.7%)停棲位點利用和偏好行為比較，及代表性樣點之微棲地環境面向的棲地空間是猛禽重要的生態棲地，對日夜行猛禽出現的解釋力最高。兩種猛禽具有顯著性棲地重疊偏好。由微棲地結構組成顯示出兩種猛禽其生存的環境雷同性高，也對人產生較強適應性，因此，為彰顯都市猛禽對棲地的需求及在生態頂端的重要地位，建議有三要點:一、優先增加樹林面積與適當廣植綠地林木資源，形成濃密具有隱蔽的樹林生態棲地；二、在具有都市猛禽出現的綠地，製做環境指標的綠色地圖，供作為重要的綠地環境與猛禽的保護依據；三、並以自然保育優先的環境教育，提升都會猛禽生態保護，勾勒美麗台灣都會綠地空間。
The rapidly developing cities of the world are causing fragmented and lost habitats. In addition, the living spaces of many animals are altered. Raptors are important environmental indicatorsbecause they are top consumers of the food chain in the ecological environment and sensitive to the environmental qualities. This thesis studies the adaptation of raptors in urban green areas by analyzing the criteria of habitat selection by diurnal and nocturnal raptors in northern Taiwan.
To investigate the favored habitats of Crested Goshawk(Accipiter trivirgatus) and Collared Scops Owl (Otus lettia), 64 green areas in Taipei and New Taipei city were surveyed. The locations at which the animals were observed to be resting or nesting and the plant structure in the micro-habit were recorded. The sites were also analyzed by urban gradient and their sizes. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) around the greenspaces and differential types of land cover within the greenspaces were also analyzed with GIS.
Results show that Crested Goshawks and Scope Owls were recorded in 18 and 16 green areas respectively. DBH (p=0.024), cross-sectional area (p=0.034), and tree cover (p=0.048) were important factors explaining nesting preferences. Goshawks and owls also preferred larger green areas (27.6% / 51.7%) and green areas set in low-developed areas (50.0% / 66.7%). Three strategies to improve raptor habitats are suggested: First, expanding the planting space of suitable trees is most important for increasing the ecological habitats of the urban raptors. Second, a map of raptor habitats can be used as a basis for protecting raptors. Third, setting into action of the environmental education of nature conservation is an important issue to protect raptors and maintain more green space in Taiwan.
