| 摘要: | 臺灣地區年平均降雨量為2,515公厘，是全球平均值的2.5倍，雨量豐沛，但因其地勢山高坡陡、河川短促，且78%的降雨量集中在每年5-10月颱風季節所帶來的豪大雨（經濟部水利署，2007），降雨空間分布主要為山區。近十餘年來，極端降雨事件發生頻率增加，導致臺灣水資源呈現洪災太多、水資源分配不均導致部分地區有旱災情形。
然臺灣地區經濟快速發展，對土地資源的需求日益殷切，尤其是大臺北都會區近年來快速發展，都市擴張壓力造成周邊集水區土地使用變更需求增大。集水區內的開發行為，將造成水資源汙染，該汙染多屬非點源汙染(nonpoint source pollution)，其分布極廣且汙染物的質與量不易掌握。非點源汙染的比重佔河川總污染的50%~70%之間，所以河川中非點源汙染往往比點源汙染來的重要(林雍富，2002)。
本研究透過文獻回顧了解國內外水文模型應用，比較各水文模型之優缺點及適用範圍，選擇最適宜於集水區非點源汙染之水文模擬-HSPF，並藉由美國環保署所研發之水文模擬系統-BASINS，模擬翡翠水庫周遭土地使用型態變遷是否導致集水區內非點源汙染量增高，作為日後集水區土地使用政策研擬之依據。
Taiwan's average annual rainfall is 2,515 mm, it’s 2.5 times the global average and abundant rainfall, but because of its high mountains and steep and short river, even if 78% of the annual rainfall is concentrated in the May-October typhoon season brought heavy rain, The spatial distribution of rainfall is mainly mountainous.
In recent ten years, there were increased frequency of extreme rainfall events, thus resulting in a flood of water rendered too many in Taiwan, uneven distribution of water resources, the situation leading to droughts in some areas. And rapid economic development in Taiwan, because of increasing demand for land resources. Especially in recent years, the rapid development of Taipei metro area, urban expansion pressure causes the surrounding watershed land use change increases demand, Development activities watershed, will cause water pollution, it’s nonpoint source pollution, which very wide distribution, and the quality is not easy to grasp.
The proportion of non-point source pollution accounts for between 50% to 70% of the total river pollution, non-point source pollution in the river so often be more important than pollution point sources.
Through literature review, understand the hydrological model, compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various hydrological models and the scope, so select the most suitable catchment hydrological modeling non-point source pollution –HSPF, and by hydrological modeling system developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency –BASINS, to simulation the Fei Tsui Reservoir surrounding land use patterns is causing changes in the catchment increased the amount of non-point source pollution, watershed area for future policy development of land-use basis. |
