考量成功老化之高齡化都市公園設計 以大安森林公園為例

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题名:	考量成功老化之高齡化都市公園設計以大安森林公園為例 A Successful Aging Oriented Design for Urban Park A Case Study of Dana Park, Taipei
作者:	柯乃尹 Ko, Nai-Yin
贡献者:	景觀學系
关键词:	老齡化社會高齡社會成功老化公園設計通用設計 Aging Society Age Society Successful Aging Park Design Universal Design
日期:	2015-07
上传时间:	2015-07-28 13:16:13 (UTC+8)
摘要:	台灣在1998年達到聯合國標準躋身高齡化國家，預計2020年老年人口將高達14%成超高齡社會，所衍伸的各項議題更值得被關注，在軟硬體的建構上，包括社會福利制度，高齡者居家空間，無障礙設施興建規劃，也已逐漸成形發展，但相對，戶外開放公共空間除了通用設計外，卻少有對高齡者的使用規劃。依照文獻回顧顯示，目前鑽研成功老化的面向以生理、心理、社會等三個層面為主，生理的退化(視力模糊、肌肉萎縮、聽力退化、行動緩慢)造成心裡的負面情緒(面對比自己好的事物產生悲觀、對家中以外環境產生不安全感、容易緊張、害怕孤單一人)進而影響高齡者與社會互動(團體活動參與、與同年齡朋友對談、脫離社會)，國內外調查也顯示，高齡者晚年最常到達的戶外空間以公園為主，公園提供了活動的場域，也是開放民眾使用的場所，本研究設計藉由臺北市高齡人口最集中之大安區內的大安森林公園進行調查，以旁觀者的角度了解高齡者於公園內使用狀況以及模式，再對園區中從事靜態、動態活動的高齡者進行訪談，以使用者的角度意見提供，發現大部分高齡者順應著現有的公園規劃做活動選擇，目前大安森林公園內的活動空間分佈不均、缺乏中老者(需輪以柺杖輔助者)的靜態活動空間，休息區以及廁所的區位設置更不符合高齡者步行距離考量，植栽的配置也無符合高齡者正面心理需求，環境上的選擇性以及感官上刺激性皆不足，透過調查及訪談研擬課題後，本研究結果顯示，符合成功老化的公園設計，應該具備下列五項需求，1:提供安全且無障礙的空間與設施，滿足生理需求2:創造舒適且具有接觸自然及生命的五感(視覺、聽覺､嗅覺､味覺、觸覺)環境3:提供更多活動空間的選擇4:增加更多的社交機會與空間，滿足心理需求5:提供開發自我潛力及自我實踐的機會及設施，由成功老化所歸納的高齡者友善空間原則做更新設計，並在第五章提出實質構想與解決方案，最後在以更新設計後的圖面回到園區做回覆性訪談，評估前期公園分析以及訪談後整理的課題是否透過設計原則達到更好的效果，作為後續建議以及補充。 Taiwan had marched into aging society defined by United Nations at 1998. It is estimated that by 2020 the elderly people will reach 14% of the total population, and hence will become an aged society. The issues associate with the aging society such as the provision of both the hardware and software for elders, including social welfare system ,the supply of elderly home space ,the construction of barrier-free facilities, etc. had been receiving a great attention ,while the outdoor public spaces for aging people other than general purposes have received little attentions. The related literature shows, there are three aspects of successful elderly view, including physiological, psychological and societal. The physiological degeneration (blurred vision, muscle atrophy, hearing degradation, slow movement) had caused negative emotion (facing better things will make them pessimistic, leave home will make them feeling insecure and nervous, and they are afraid to be alone) and thereby affecting the individual social interaction (participate in group activities; talk with their own ages, escape from the community). Survey conducted domestically or internationally all reported that most of the elderly people outdoor activities happen at park. Park offers not only an open space but also a public space for use. This study investigates Da-An Park which is located at the Taipei Da-An District with high portion of elderly people. We observed how the elderly people use the park space and interviewed with elderly people in static or in action .We found that the elderly people just using what they got in the park, the space for static activities in Da-An Park is limited. The resting space and restrooms are not reachable for the elderly in a reasonable walking distance. The planting configuration does not fulfill the positive psychological needs of the elderly. The environment choices and sensory irritation are also not enough. Based on investigation and interview, we conclude that there are five requirement shall be complied with planning and design a successful park for aging people:(1). Provides a safe and barrier free space and equipments to satisfy basic human physiological needs. (2). Create a comfortable place to be kept in touch with the nature and five senses (vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch). (3). Offer variety of activity space. (4). Increase more social interaction opportunities and spaces to satisfy their psychological needs. (5). Offer facilities for developing their own potential and realizing their own practicing opportunity. This study provides a success example with elder-friendly space principles and presents the physical development concept and solution. At last, we interview the elderly people again with our new design to test the anticipated improvement as a follow-up recommendation and supplement.
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