| 摘要: | 近年來由於我國食品安全事件屢見不鮮，因此食品安全問題引起熱議，而與我國鄰近的中國大陸，作為我國食品原料主要的進口來源之一，其近年來亦爆發許多駭人聽聞的食品安全事件，兩岸對於食品安全問題可謂關係密切。值得注意的是，我國與中國大陸於2008年簽訂海峽兩岸食品安全協議，企圖為食品安全問題共同努力，然而從歷年境內與跨境的食品安全議題觀之，在消費者、業者與國家所構成的三方關係中，消費者對於各種食品資訊的獲取能力遠低於業者與國家，以致爆發食品安全事件時，多扮演首當其衝且最後知悉食品危害的角色。就現行相關制度而言，消費者只能從業者自主公佈或國家所公開的有限資訊中，被動得知食品安全與否的訊息，然而在資訊時代來臨後，人類生活無法脫離取得資訊分析整理判斷進而決策的行為模式，若欠缺主動獲悉食品資訊的管道，將無法在選購食品的第一時間藉以判斷食品所蘊含的風險。
既然憲法作為人權的保障書，那麼憲法上是否存在一種基本權利能夠據以向國家請求提供食品資訊，使消費者能從被動知悉轉為主動獲取食品資訊的地位，基於這樣的發想，本篇論文運用文獻分析及比較研究法，從憲法層次尋覓此基本權利之基礎，再就現行法制尋找此基本權利具體化之型態，以及可能存在之問題，並探究兩岸對於食品安全資訊通報的具體流程與共識，而後彙整我國現行食品安全法制在食品資訊公開層面仍須改善之處，最後透過參酌歐盟與中國大陸在食品安全法制之相關規範，並進行比較，期待能作為未來我國食品安全法制與配套調整之參考。
In recent years, the number of incidents regarding food safety in Taiwan have gradually increased, giving rise to many discussions over the issue. China, as Taiwan’s neighbor-state, is one of the largest importer of raw resource to Taiwan. Recently, many notorious food safety incidents have also occurred in China. Cross-strait food safety problems are mutual influential and closely connected. Taiwan and China has signed the Cross-Strait Food Safety Agreement in 2008, attempting to cooperate on food safety issues. However, observing the territorial and cross-border food safety issues that have occurred in the past years, in the tripartite relationship of consumers, producers and government, the consumer’s ability to obtain food related information is much lower compared to government and producers. This situation causes consumers to be the first influenced and the last acknowledged when certain food-safety issue outbreak. Under current food-safety system, consumer can only be through few public news or limited public information of government, passively receive information regarding food safety. However, the time of data information has come , human will not be able to depart from using data analysis, usage and inducement to come up with decision and policy. If consumer lacks the possibility to aggressively obtain information, they will not be able to determine possible risk when purchasing food products.
Since Constitution is the charter that guarantee human rights, whether consumers have a fundamental right under Constitution to assert information of food products from Government shall be discussed. This fundamental right will enable consumers to, transform from passively to aggressively, obtain food information. Withholding this concept, this Study will use documentary analysis and comparative research, to study the fundamental right regarding the right to access food product information in constitution. This Study will also look into current regulation to look for possible issues and explore the specific processes and consensus on cross-strait food safety information notification. Finally, this study will discuss through reference and comparison of the European Union and China food safety regulations, in hope to be referenced when Taiwan food-safety regulation or other procedures are being made. |
