| 摘要: | 蒙古是一個內陸國家，東部和中部地區。它是由俄羅斯接壤的北部和中國南部，東部和西部。佔據1564116平方公里（603909平方英里）的領土擁有約290萬人口，蒙古是19最大，人口最稀少的獨立的國家在世界上。該國是著名的為自己的游牧文化和偉大的歷史，在世界上。由於游牧畜牧業，蒙古城市化比較其他文明了自己獨特的發展。由於2次是20世紀上半葉，蒙古發展快速的城市化，今天大約佔總人口的49.1％，超過120萬人口，是居住在烏蘭巴托市，省會城市和這個國家的文化，工業和經濟的心臟。
烏蘭巴托始建於1639年的名為烏爾古電影院小鎮，在1778年定居在現在的位置然而，它只是從1954年起即在烏蘭巴托按照科學為基礎的城市規劃已經開發了。在過去的“共產主義政權”，根據城市的人口和不斷增長的需求，省會城市的總體規劃進行了修訂，四次。該計劃引導，並導致本城市的內部結構。在它的歷史城市突出五個階段城市規劃的發展在烏蘭巴托的20世紀50年代和90年代之間。近年來，蒙古政府一直在實施第五次總體規劃“烏蘭巴托市城市總體規劃2020”，於2001年推出，是基於圍繞五個願景蒙古的首都，要在今後幾十年裡實現。儘管政府解決的第五個總體規劃，總體規劃的實施情況不佳，因為它開始。
在烏蘭巴托的情況下，也有城市化的研究和調查，以及深入開展和創造性活動的基礎上，現代城市理論和方法在發達國家使用的失踪。所以，過去的幾十年中烏蘭巴托市面臨造成意想不到的迅速增長的人口急需的城市問題，因此，有必要建立更有效的現代都市計劃，並從其他發達城市的經驗。
本文提供的歷史沿革，城市化進程的簡要回顧和烏蘭巴托市新城市中遇到的問題。此外，本文還回顧了烏蘭巴托總體規劃2020年的建設和實施，並跟踪變化和城市規劃的發展，在發展現代省會城市以及保存和傳統游牧文化的轉型，現代城市的窘境。
Mongolia is a landlocked country in east-central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Occupied 1,564,116 square kilometer (603,909 sq mi) territory with a population of around 2.9 million people, Mongolia is the 19th largest and the most sparsely populated independent country in the world. The country is famous for its own nomadic culture and great history in the world. Due to nomadic husbandry, Mongolia has its own unique development of urbanization in comparing to other civilizations. Since the 2-nd half of the 20th century, Mongolia developed rapid urbanization and today about 49.1% of total population, over 1.2million population, is residing in Ulaanbaatar city, the capital city and the cultural, industrial, and economic heart of the country.
Ulaanbaatar was founded in 1639 as a small town named Urgoo and settled at the present location in 1778. However, it has been only since 1954 that Ulaanbaatar has developed in accordance with scientifically based city planning. During the past ‘communist regime,’ the capital city’s master plan was revised four times according to the city’s growing population and needs. The plan guided and resulted in the internal structure of the present city. In its history city has highlighted five phases of urban planning development in Ulaanbaatar in between the 1950s and the 1990s. In recent years Mongolian government has been implementing fifth master plan “Ulaanbaatar City Master Plan 2020”, launched in 2001 and is based around five visions for Mongolia’s capital city, to be realized within the next decades. Although the government addressed the fifth master plan, the implementation of master plan was poorly since it started.
In case of Ulaanbaatar, there are missing of urban-oriented researches and surveys as well as thoroughly conducted and creative activities based on the modern urban theory and methodologies used in the developed countries. So, last decades in Ulaanbaatar city faced urgently urban problems caused by unexpected rapidly population growth, so, there is need to create more effective modern urban plans and to get experiences from other developed cities.
This thesis provides a brief review on the historical evolution, urbanization process and newly encountered urban problems of Ulaanbaatar city. Besides, this thesis also reviews the construction and implementation of Ulaanbaatar Master Plan 2020, and traced the changes and development of urban planning, in the dilemma of developing modern capital city and the preservation and transformation of traditional nomadic culture in modern city. |
