| 摘要: | 隨著科技快速成長與新技術的研發，改變了人們以往對居住環境的想像，因此一般建材已漸漸無法滿足智慧生活時代的建築需求。近年來物聯網觀念正剛起飛，多功能之智慧化產品實已逐漸取代單一功能的產品，從而帶動了各領域產品之整合發展趨勢。結合材料、電子、電機、自動控制以及資通訊等技術的整合型智慧科技材料與產品，已逐步並快速的導入空間環境成為建物或生活中不可或缺的產品或是輔助工具，例如具智慧影像感知的門禁系統、運用手機操控的智慧家庭設施設備等，甚至成為現代建物標準配置的建材設備。然而，目前對這類整合多項特性與功能的智慧建材，尚無足夠的研究或是文獻可供參考，導致這類建材的管理維護與品質良莠不齊。有鑑於此，本研究藉由對國內外相關文獻與案例的收集，歸納彙整出智慧建材的範疇與內涵，並嘗試對智慧建材作分類與定義，以作為後續研究的基礎。除文獻資料彙整外，本研究進一步實地現勘市場中具自動化或智慧化材料的應用裝置以探討其分類模式，智慧建材為跨多領域整合之新興產業，在相關資訊缺乏、定位不明之條件下，期望藉由分類，使民眾得以有更深層的暸解，並重新建構對智慧化居住空間的思考方向，如此也將有助於智慧建材產業的發展與推廣。
由研究結果顯示，智慧建材可大分為系統、模組與裝置等三大類型，依組合後之材料特性可分為安全、節能、健康、便利、環境及綜合等六大特性，依功能可分為具感測、判斷、致動、處理、自預警及自修復等六大功能，經由各種特性與功能之組合又可發展出更多元多樣性的智慧建材。
With rapid growth of technology and R&D of new technology, people have changed the imagination of the living environment in the past, thus traditional building materials have been not able to meet building demands in age of smart life gradually. In recent years, the idea of Internet of Things was just emerging, and multifunctional intelligent products have gradually replaced single-function products, which drives the integration development trend of products in various fields. Integrated-type intelligent technology materials and products, which combine with techniques such as material, electronics, electrical machine, automatic control and information communication, have gradually and rapidly been guided to spatial environment to become essential products or auxiliary tools in building or life, such as access control systems with intelligent image perception and intelligent household facilities and equipment controlled by mobile phones. However, there is no enough research or literatures for reference for the intelligent building materials integrating multiple properties and functions, thereby resulting in uneven management and maintenance of the building materials. In view of this, the research collects related literatures both at home and abroad, summarizes and sorts out category and connotation of intelligent building materials, and tries to make classification and definition of the intelligent building materials as the basis for follow-up research and development. In addition to collection of literatures, the research further investigates application devices with automated or intelligent materials in the market on the spot to discuss its classification mode. Intelligent building material is a new industry with integration across multiple fields. In lack of related information and unclear positioning conditions, it is expected to utilize classification to make the public have further understanding and reestablish a direction of thinking intelligent living space, thereby also helping development and promotion of intelligent building material industry.
The research result shows that the intelligent building materials are divided into three types of systems, modules and devices. Based on material properties after combination, the building materials are divided into six parts consisting of safety, energy conservation, health, convenience, environment and integration. Based on functions after combination, it can be divided into six parts consisting of sensing, distinguishing, actuating, disposal, self-early-warning and self-repair. Through combination of various features and functions, more multicomponent and diverse intelligent building materials can be developed. |
