| 摘要: | 由於各項科技文明的進步、人類生活上的需求範圍擴大，使得處於這時代的個人不得不竭力去嘗試適應千變萬化的新環境，而這環境帶給人們許多不同的刺激與挑戰，造成人們身心的不平衡，此時社會支持就扮演重要的角色。故本研究旨在探討成年人婚姻狀況、社會支持與身心健康之關係，並針對全體成年人、已婚者、單身者及家庭教育相關單位提出具體建議。
本研究採問卷調查法，以居住於臺灣北部，20至64歲的成年人為研究對象，研究工具包括：「身心健康量表」、「社會支持量表」、「婚姻滿意度量表」與「個人背景資料調查表」。統計方法包括：描述性統計(次數分配、百分比、平均數、標準差)、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、薛費事後比較、LSD事後比較、強迫進入法多元迴歸分析。
研究結果分述如下：
一、 成年人傾向於自覺可以獲得社會支持，以「情緒性支持」感受程度最高。
二、 成年人傾向於自覺身心健康狀況尚可，以「社會適應」感受程度最高。
三、 已婚成年人傾向於對婚姻感到滿意。
四、 已婚成年人的婚姻滿意度愈高者，感受社會支持程度愈高；另婚姻滿意度高者其自覺身心健康狀況也愈好。
五、 成年人的「性別」在社會支持上有顯著差異，女性比男性自覺社會支持感受良好。
六、 成年人的社會支持愈高，身心健康狀況愈好。
七、 經濟狀況在「17,880元以下」之成年人其身心健康高於「22,801至31,800元」、「31,801至38,200元」及「38,201至 48,000元」三組的成年人。成年人自覺社會支持感受高，其身心健康狀況愈佳。
八、 已婚成年人的年齡愈長其身心健康狀況較佳；婚姻滿意度愈高者其自覺身心健康狀況也愈好；經濟狀況在「17,880元以下」的已婚成年人其身心健康狀況高於「22,801至 31,800元」、「31,801至38,200元」及「38,201- 48,000元」三組的已婚者 。
九、 經濟狀況在「17,880元以下」的單身成年人其身心健康高於「31,801至38,200元」及「38,201至48,000元」兩組的單身者。單身成年人自覺社會支持愈高其身心健康狀況愈佳。
根據本研究結果，建議成年人宜多從事有益自己身心健康的活動，多找朋友、同事及親人建立良好的關係並抒發負向情緒；已婚者成年人宜多重視婚姻關係經營，提昇婚姻的滿意度，以拓展社會支持的來源，進而促進身心健康。單身成年人宜降低物質慾望、多與家人、親友互動，拓展自己的人際關係，充實社會支持來源，進而促進其身心健康；建議家庭教育相關機構可多舉辦婚姻成長團體或夫妻溝通相關課程，提供維繫婚姻關係及夫妻相處之道，提昇其婚姻滿意度，以促進已婚者之身心健康。最後，針對研究對象、研究變項及研究方法等提出建議，作為未來學術研究上之參考。
Living in an era characterized by the development of technological civilization and increasing requirements for life, people have to try their best to adjust to the ever-changing new environments full of excitement and challenges, leading to the imbalanced mental and physical conditions. To handle this situation, social support must play a vital role. This research aims to explore the relationship among the marital status of adults, social support and their physical and mental health and propose suggestions to adults, married and single people and institutions related to the family education.
With the questionnaire method, this research studies adults from 20 to 64 years old living in Northern Taiwan by using such research tools as physical and mental health scale, social support scale, marital satisfaction scale and personal background questionnaires, and such statistic methods as descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation), one sample t-test, Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s product-moment correlation, Scheffe’ method, LSD post-hoc comparison and enter multiple regression.
The research results are as follows:
1. Adults tend to believe that they can get social support, with the feeling of “emotional support” as the highest.
2. Adults tend to believe that they are in good physical and emotional conditions, with the feeling of “social adaptation” as the highest.
3. Married adults tend to feel satisfied with their marriages.
4. The higher level of satisfaction the married adults feel with their marital status, the higher level of social support they will feel. Besides, adults more satisfied with their marital status feel better with their physical and emotional health conditions.
5. Adults of different “genders” feel differently about their social support: Female adults feel better with social support than male adults do.
6. The higher level of social support the adults receive, the better their physical and mental conditions will be.
7. Adults whose income is below NT17, 880 dollars are healthier physically and mentally than those whose income is NT22, 801-31,800 dollars, NT31, 801-38,200 dollars and NT38, 201-48,000 dollars. The higher level of social support the adults feel, the better their physical and mental health conditions will be.
8. The physical and mental health of married adults becomes better as their age grows. The higher level of their satisfaction with their marriages, the better they will feel about their physical and mental health. The married adults whose income is below NT17, 880 dollars are healthier physically and mentally than those whose income is NT22, 801-31,800 dollars, NT31, 801-38,200 dollars and NT38, 201-48,000 dollars.
9. The single adults whose income is below NT17, 880 dollars are healthier physically and mentally than those whose income is NT22, 801-31,800 dollars, NT31, 801-38,200 dollars and NT38, 201-48,000 dollars. The higher level of social support the single adults feel, the better their physical and mental health conditions will be.
Based on the research results, it is suggested that adults shall take part in activities beneficial for their physical and mental health more often and establish good relations with their friends, colleagues and relatives, telling them about their negative feelings. Married adults shall focus more on the management of their marriages to improve their satisfaction with their marriages so as to receive more social support and promote their physical and mental health. Single adults shall control their material desires and interact more with their families, relatives and friends and expand their own relationships and social support, which can promote their physical and mental health. Institutions related to family education may offer more courses on marriage enrichment or communication between couples and teach married people how to maintain good marital relations and how to get along well with each other so that the married people can feel more satisfied with their marriages and have better physical and mental health conditions. Finally, this research proposes some advice on research subjects, research variables, research methods as well as other aspects for the references of future academic researches. |
