| 摘要: | 本研究旨在調查戲劇系學生的壓力源、壓力因應方式與心理健康之現況及在高低演出焦慮情形下其差異狀況。研究方法採問卷調查法，以102學年度台灣地區大三及大四戲劇系學生為研究樣本，以立意取樣的方式，尋找問卷調查的對象，獲得有效樣本共225人。主要研究工具為研究者自編「戲劇系學生壓力調查問卷」、「演出焦慮量表」（張浣芸，1996b）、「成人心理健康量表」(黃財尉、李美遠、曾柔鳴，2011）。資料處理採用統計分析方法，包括 描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、積差相關、單因子變異數分析、多元逐步迴歸分析等。研究結果如下：
1. 全體戲劇系學生認為最大的前三名壓力源，加權後總反應次數：經濟負擔壓力（23.4%）、自我感受壓力（18.4%）與學習發展的壓力（13.9%）。在人際關係壓力中，高演出焦慮組學生「進館後之人際壓力」（進入劇場面臨演出前的人際相處）之壓力源的人數百分比，顯著高於低演出焦慮組的人數百分比。
2. 面對壓力時前三大最常使用的壓力因應方式，加權後總反應次數：轉移注意力（27.7%）、運用個人資源（21.9%）、嘗試問題解決（19%）。在選取「自我傷害」的壓力因應方式中，高演出焦慮組學生的人數百分比，顯著高於低演出焦慮組。
3. 全體學生中16.9%的戲劇系學生有參加過心理健康活動。另外83.1%沒有參加的原因，以56%「覺得不需要」最多；有10.2%的戲劇系學生有尋求心理師協助，有高達96.9%學生表示沒有尋求心理師協助的主要因素為「不認為心理師真的能幫助我的問題」。全體學生整體壓力因應方式之效果，以「部分有效果」最多48%，高低焦慮組學生亦為「部分有效果」，高焦慮組學生（73%），低焦慮組學生（47%）；對於自費心理諮商，戲劇系學生在「可接受每小時的諮商費用」有85.4%的學生表示願意負擔「每小時500元以下」。
4. 成人心理健康量表總分之平均數為93.38分，屬於輕度~中度的心理困擾程度。高演出焦慮組學生表現出較多的生理慮病、焦慮煩躁、社交困擾、憂鬱低落。高演出焦慮組學生在心理健康總分、自評心理健康各分量表得分皆顯著高於低演出焦慮組學生。
5. 前三名對心理健康最具預測力的變項分別為：「演出焦慮分數」最高，其個別解釋變異量為34%，其次為「自評心理健康」，其個別解釋變異量為14%，第三名為「尋求社會支持因應方式」個數的個別解釋量為4%，其餘有預測力的變項有「自我傷害因應方式」個數、「家人因素壓力源」個數、「物質依賴因應方式」個數、「情緒宣洩因應方式」個數，七個變項可有效預測心理健康57%的變異量。
6. 「演出焦慮程度」對於戲劇系學生的心理健康狀態達顯著預測能力。選取越多積極的壓力因應方式「尋求社會支持」個數，心理健康程度越佳。選取越多消極的因應方式「自我傷害」、「物質依賴」、「情緒宣洩」個數者，心理健康程度越差。
The aim of this study is to investigate theater art student’s stress sources, coping strategies, present condition of mental health and its variation between high and low performance anxiety.
Methods :
By questionnaire and purposive sampling, researcher interviews 225 theater art students of 3rd and 4th grade in Taiwan. Investigation tools include self-designed questionnaire about theater art students’ stress, performance anxiety scale (Chang 1996b), and adult mental health scale (Huang, Lee, Tzeng, 2011). About data processing, statistical analysis such as descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, T test, production-moment correlation, single variation analysis, stepwise multiple regression and analysis are adopted.
Results :
1. The first three sources of stress among theater art students (measured in weighed response time) : economic burden (23.4%), self-sensed stress (18.4%), and stress of learning and development (13.9%). In the group of experiencing stress from interpersonal relationship, the percentage of students in high anxiety group is significantly higher than those in low anxiety group.
2. Three coping strategies against stress widely used (measured in weighed response time): transferring attention (27.7%), applying personal resources (21.9%), and trying to solve the problem (19%). In the group of choosing self –harm, the percentage of students in high anxiety group is significantly higher than those among low anxiety group.
3. Only 16.9% students had participated in mental health activity. The other 83.9% students do not get involved in mental health activity for some reasons, and the reason「no need」(56%) is mostly heard of. There are 10.2% theater art students seeking help from psychology counselor. For those who do not seek help from psychology counselor, most of them reply that they do not think counselors could offer some help about their problem (96.9%) . The coping strategies against stress chosen by all theater art students mostly show modest effects (48%). 73% students in high anxiety group consider their coping strategy offer moderate help, compared with 47% in low anxiety group. About the price of self-paid psychology counseling, 85.4% theater art students state that they are willing to pay less than 500 NT dollars per hour.
4. The theater art students’ average score in adult mental health scale is 93.38. It shows that they are in mild to moderate mental disturbance in average. Students in high performance anxiety group show more somatic symptoms, anxiety, social undermining, and depression. Besides, about mental health score and self-evaluated mental health scale, they score significantly lower than those in low anxiety group.
5. The three factors with most predictive power are「performance anxiety score」, 「self-evaluated mental health」, and 「responding by seeking help from social support」. The other factors with predictive power are 「responding by self harm」, 「stress from family」, 「responding by substance dependence」, 「responding emotionally」. All these 7 factors can effectively predict mental health.
6. 「performance anxiety」can predict theater art students mental health significantly. The more they choose positive coping strategies like 「seeking help from social support」, the healthier mental status they have. On the contrary, the more they choose passive coping strategies such as self-harm, substance dependence, or emotional response, the poorer mental health they are in. |
