《老子》哲學的詮釋探究—以「道法自然」為詮釋主題

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Title:	《老子》哲學的詮釋探究—以「道法自然」為詮釋主題 The investigation of the interpretation of Laozi philosophy -Taking “Dao imitates Nature” as the theme of interpretation
Authors:	洪千雯
Contributors:	哲學系
Keywords:	老子道自然道法自然詮釋
Date:	2014
Issue Date:	2014-10-06 13:27:48 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本篇論文旨在探討《老子》的詮釋問題。首先依據《老子》之「道」與「自然」的原文加以詮釋，期能對《老子》之兩大核心思想有深入的了解與認識；其次藉由《老子》兩種代表性的注本－《老子河上公注》、王弼《老子注》之思想闡述，說明《老子》之詮釋定向深切影響了中國哲學思想體系－尤其是道家思想的發展與演變。而在西方哲學部份，本篇論文引用了詮釋學者海德格與高達美的觀點，前者側重其與老子思想的對照，探索中西對話之可能性；後者則引用其「視域融合」的觀點，與中國哲學「我注六經，六經注我」之觀點加以對照，以呈現中西哲學詮釋觀點的同與異，從而揭示中國哲學思想發展與經典詮釋之息息相關。綜上所述，本篇論文藉由《老子》之「道」、「自然」的探討，提出三個《老子》詮釋問題：一、兩種定向的問題：其一，以客觀的、文本的、本義的探求為取向的詮釋活動，可稱之為純文本性定向；其二，以自我表達、思想創造為定向的詮釋活動，此則稱之為視域融合定向。二、中西互釋的對照與探討：探討運用西方哲學的角度、概念、方法研究中國哲學，是否會有因文化差異而造成的落差與隔閡。此問題以《老子》之「道」為例。三、兩種定向與中西互釋的銜接與轉化：引用傅偉勳的創造性詮釋學理論，提供實謂、意謂、蘊謂、當謂、創謂等「五個層次」之參考性思考框架。此問題以《老子》之「自然」為例。綜上所述，本篇論文希望能夠深化對《老子》之「道」、「自然」的認識，並且正確掌握中國哲學的詮釋方法和原則。從而提高中國哲學如老子思想的詮釋過程中，更嚴肅的哲學專業性、及更富有創造力的美學藝術性。 This study aimed at exploring how to elaborate the meaning of Lao Tzu. It first elaborated the original text according to the core ideas of “Tao” and “Nature” as depicted in the masterpiece Lao Tzu. Hopefully, the reader may look deeper into these two core ideas of Lao Tzu through understanding and recognition. Secondly, this study gave a thorough explanation on Lao Tzu based on two typical remarks with great significance; that is, The Ho-Shang Kung Commentaries on the Lao Tzu and Wang Pi's Commentary on Lao Tzu. It gave a thorough explanation and orientation of Lao Tzu which resulted in great significance on the system of Chinese philosophy. It was mostly based on explaining the development and evolution of Taoism in particular. When it comes to Western philosophy, this study has incorporated some of the ideas introduced by two hermeneuticists, Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer, through citation. The former placed importance on a comparison and contrast on Taoism as introduced by Lao Tzu to explore a possibility of a discourse between the West and the East. The later, however, made a comparison and contrast on the perspective of “fusion of horizons” as depicted in Chinese philosophy through a citation on the point of view of “I take notes on Six Classics; Six Classics based on me through notation.” It exemplified the similarity and divergence on Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy. Accordingly, it revealed a fact that the development of Chinese philosophy has a correlation between the ways of how to interpret the Classics. In a word, this study tried to explore the ideas of “Tao” and “Nature” as depicted in Lao Tzu by proposing three questions to the interpretation of Lao Tzu. I. Two questions about orientation: First of all, it was based on an objective narrative on the original text. It was an activity of interpretation which means it was text-oriented and semantics-oriented. It could be called as pure text orientation. Secondly, it was an activity of interpretation which based on self-actualization through expression and creative ideas and creation. It could be called as fusion of horizons orientation as a matter of fact. II. A compare and contrast on Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy through exploration: This study tried to explore how to apply the perspective, concept, and methodology of Western Philosophy to study Chinese philosophy. It analyzed and tried to see if there is a culture difference that resulting in a gap and barrier. This question is based on the idea of “Tao” as depicted in Lao Tzu. III. Two orientations and an interpretation on the Chinese philosophy and Western philosophy through combining and conversion: This study borrowed some ideas of Creative Hermeneutics as proposed by Charles Fu. It introduced “five hierarchies” of prediction, linguistic-analytic hermeneutics, connotation, critical hermeneutics as well as creative hermeneutics to be viewed as a referential framework for thinking. This question is based on the idea of “Nature” as depicted in Lao Tzu. To sum up, this study was designed to reinforce people’s understanding on the core ideas of “Tao” and “Nature” as depicted in Lao Tzu. It grasped the meaning of hermeneutics and principles of Chinese philosophy right to the point. Accordingly, it reinforced the profession of stringent philosophy and the arts of aesthetics full of creativity through Chinese philosophy thinking such as Taoism through the process of interpretation.
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