| 摘要: | 論文旨在探討兩部同志電影“Brokeback Mountain”(譯：斷背山)和“The Laramie Project”(譯：真相拼圖)，而兩部不同之處在於《斷背山》短篇小說改編電影；《真相拼圖》為真實故事的紀錄片。欲從其文本比較兩部的差異和相同之處，然後進而探討電影的拍攝角度所呈現的涵義及文本和電影的比較。在探討之中，會使用酷兒理論及Judith Butler的論點參與討論。究竟這兩則故事為當今的社會問題 ─ 仇恨犯罪，試找出兩部電影中所呈現的情感和問題，並期望透過兩部電影看到現今社會對於同性戀的觀感及隱藏內心且蠢蠢欲動的抬頭意識。
第一章、第二章為敘述《斷背山》和《真相拼圖》故事大綱和深入剖析主角們內心及感情關係。第三章主要關注兩部電影中的主角、受害者以不同時空背景但相同地域做比較。第四章主要以酷兒理論、Judith Butler的論點做論述，並且以此論點反觀《斷背山》和《真相拼圖》中裡的主角。再繼續延伸至性向的探討與異性戀和同性戀的相同與不同之處，然後再以此論點論恐同症與男性暴力的相關聯。最後第五章以理論觀同性戀族群與社會的關係，另以宗教觀點看同性戀。最後提出五項保障同性戀身為人之基本權益：同性婚姻、同性伴侶或家庭之領養、工作場合的性別平等、服兵役之平等和與本論文相呼應的仇恨犯罪。總結以提倡人生而平等，同性戀等族群應受平等待遇，雖然在現代社會中接受度提高許多，但尚待努力爭取更多權利。
The film Brokeback Mountain and the docu-drama The Laramie Project both feature the violent killing, by men, of a male homosexual. After discussing the issue of male homosexuality and violence in these two different “texts,” various theories about male and female homosexuality and straight people’s fear and hatred of homosexuals will be discussed. Finally, various queer theories supporting the normality of homosexual or LGBT behavior in men and women will be discussed, including theories of the socio- cultural basis of gender identity and Judith Butler’s theory of performative gender identity.
The Introduction will introduce The Laramie Project and Brokeback Mountain, the issue of homosexuality in men and women and the problem of hate crimes against homosexuals; summarize the main points to be presented in each chapter.
Chapter 1, The Laramie Project introduces the nature of the docu-drama as a genre, the background of The Laramie Project, the main characters and plot, the central theme of the killing of a gay man, and what other characters as well as we as audience members (or readers) may make of the gay male protagonist and his fate.
Chapter 2, Brokeback Mountain, introduces Ang-Li’s film Brokeback Mountain, the situation and personalities of the two gay male protagonists, the killing of one of the two men by a group of straight men, and what other characters as well as filmgoers may make of both the gay male protagonists and the violent fate of one of them. In Chapter 3, I compare the two texts with regard to the plots, characters and ideas, and also compare the cinematic and docu-drama techniques of these two works to show how these techniques may influence how we come to see the protagonists’ homosexuality as well as the reactions of other “characters” to it.
In Chapter 4, theories of the causes and/or the nature of male and female homosexuality will be discussed, along with various explanations of the tendency of some straight men to hate, or fear, gay men so much that they will beat, torture and even kill them. Here various queer theories supporting the “normality” of homosexual or LGBT behavior in men and women will be discussed, including theories of the socio-cultural basis of gender identity and Judith Butler’s theory of performative gender identity. In Chapter 5 there will be a further analysis of the legal as well as psychological problem of anti-gay violence, and a discussion of the five “gay rights”: gay couple’s right to marriage, gay couples’ right to adopt children and raise a family, gay people’s right to be free from discrimination in the workplace and in the military, and the right to be legally protected from violent hate crimes.
In conclusion, there are many men and women who are homosexuals. As this becomes more acceptable in our society today, there will hopefully be fewer and fewer homophobes and haters of homosexuals, and fewer hate crimes committed against them. Thus Matthew Shepard and Jack Twist will have served our society as tragic but important examples. |
