| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北市成年男性「身體意象」與「瘦身行為」之現況，並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」之臺北市成年男性分別在「身體意象」及「瘦身行為」上的差異情形，另探討臺北市成年男性的「身體意象」與「瘦身行為」之相關性。更進一步瞭解「個人背景因素」及「身體意象」對臺北市成年男性「瘦身行為」的解釋力。
本研究係採「調查法」進行資料收集，並以「立意取樣」之抽樣方式，選取設籍、居住、消費、就學於臺北市20~64歲之成年男性為調查對象，正式施測樣本為450份，實得有效樣本433份，有效回收率為96.2%。本研究所採用之研究工具包括：「個人背景資料調查表」、「身體意象量表」與「瘦身行為量表」。施測所得資料以 SPSS for Windows 20.0 進行結果分析，分別以敘述統計、單一樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後檢定、皮爾森積差相關及多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。主要之研究結果如下：
一、臺北市成年男性「身體意象」及「瘦身行為」之現況
1.臺北市成年男性之整體「身體意象」看法略傾向於正向與滿意。其中，受試者在「外表取向」層面為最高；而以對
「對體重看法」層面為最低。
2.受試者在「過去使用瘦身方法之頻率」方面，以「規律運動」為最多數，佔八成一；其次為：「飲食控制」及「自行
食用保健食品」。
3.受試者在「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」方面，以「規律運動」為最多數，佔八成二；其次為：「飲食控制」及「自
行食用保健食品」。
二、不同「個人背景因素」在「身體意象」之差異情形
1.臺北市成年男性在年齡為「40~60歲以上」、婚姻狀況為「離婚」、平均月收入為「89,000元以上」、過去瘦身主要
原因為「受社會瘦身風潮」、未來瘦身主要原因為「受社會瘦身風潮」以及「BMI 值」低者等六因素，對「身體意
象」之看法較為正向與滿意。
三、不同「個人背景因素」在「過去使用瘦身方法之頻率」之差異情形
1.臺北市成年男性在年齡為「20~49歲」、教育程度為「大學（專科）畢及研究所畢（含）以上」、婚姻狀況為「未
婚」、過去瘦身主要原因為「非過去從未進行過瘦身或減肥」以及「BMI 值」高者等五因素，對「過去使用瘦身方法
之頻率」較為滿意。
四、不同「個人背景因素」在「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」之差異情形
1.臺北市成年男性在年齡為「40~59歲」、教育程度為「高中（職）畢」、婚姻狀況為「已婚」、「婚姻滿意度」愈
高、過去瘦身主要原因為「受社會瘦身風潮」、未來瘦身主要原因為「受社會風潮」及以「BMI 值」高者對「未來使
用瘦身方法之可能性」可能性較高。
五、臺北市成年男性「身體意象」與「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」之間相關情形
臺北市成年男性之「身體意象」及「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」呈顯著低程度之正相關。亦即，受試者對自我身體
意象愈滿意者，其未來使用瘦身方法之可能性就愈高。
六、臺北市成年男性「個人背景因素」對「身體意象」之解釋力情形
受試者之「平均月收入」及「BMI值」兩個因素，在整體「身體意象」上之解釋力達 25％的變異量。顯示：當臺北市成年男性在平均月收入為「89,000元以上」及「BMI值」較低者，對身體意象之看法就愈趨正向與滿意。
七、臺北市成年男性「個人背景因素」對「過去使用瘦身方法之頻率」之解釋力情形
受試者之「年齡」及「婚姻狀況」兩個因素，在整體「過去使用瘦身方法之頻率」上之解釋力達 34％的變異量。顯示：臺北市成年男性在年齡為「40~49歲」及婚姻狀況為「未婚」者，過去進行瘦身之頻率就愈高。
八、臺北市成年男性「個人背景因素」對「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」之解釋力情形
受試者之「教育程度」、「平均月收入」及「未來瘦身主要原因」三個因素，在整體「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」上之解釋力達 29％的變異量。顯示：臺北市成年男性在教育程度為「高中（職）畢」、平均月收入為「89,000元以上」及未來瘦身主要原因為「受社會瘦身風潮影響」者，對未來使用瘦身方法之可能性就愈高。
九、臺北市成年男性「個人背景因素」、「身體意象」對「過去使用瘦身方法之頻率」之解釋力情形
受試者之「年齡」及「婚姻狀況」兩個因素，在整體「過去使用瘦身方法之頻率」上之解釋力達 35％的變異量。表示：臺北市成年男性在年齡為「40~49歲」及婚姻狀況為「未婚」者，對過去進行瘦身之頻率就愈高。
十、臺北市成年男性「個人背景因素」、「身體意象」對「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」之解釋力情形
受試者「身體意象」、「教育程度」、「平均月收入」、「未來瘦身主要原因」、「BMI值」五個因素，在整體「未來使用瘦身方法之可能性」上之解釋力達 31％的變異量。顯示：臺北市成年男性在教育程度為「高中(職)畢業」、平均月收入為「89,000元以上」、未來瘦身主要原因為「受社會瘦身風潮影響」、「BMI值」越高以及身體意象為「滿意」者，對未來使用瘦身方法之可能性就愈高。
根據本研究結果與結論，建議臺北市成年男性：宜建立正確的體型認知，接納與認同自我的身體意象；並養成良好的飲食習慣，建立適合自己的運動與瘦身計畫。對自我外表及體重的在意程度，宜適當勿過度追求瘦即是美。而在從事瘦身行為時，慎選適合自己的瘦身方法與產品，以免讓身心造成無法挽回的傷害；並謹慎評估及規劃瘦身課程，積極依循健康瘦身原則，進而達到標準體型之體態。
除此之外，建議瘦身相關醫療機構：宜雇用專業合格之醫護人員，並提供正確且詳細的瘦身資訊；瘦身課程設計宜多樣化，以吸引瘦身者的注意，並充分溝通且能有多元選擇；並選用衛生署檢驗合格之產品，勿使用來路不明及標示不清之商品，以免造成消費糾紛。最後，建議相關主管機關：推展「健康即是美」的觀念，建立正確身體意象；加強取締誇大不實的瘦身廣告及販售品質低劣甚至造成傷害之產品，並公告正確瘦身資訊及合法藥物，確保消費者之安全
The purpose of this study was exploring the current situation of male adults “body image” and “weight loss behaviors” in Taipei City to understand the discrepancy of “body image” caused by different “personal background factors” and discuss the correlation between their “body image” and “weight loss behaviors” then further comprehend the explanatory power of “personal background factors” and “body image” to Taipei male adults ’ “weight loss behaviors”.
The study adopted “survey method” to collect information and “purposive sampling method” to select male adults aged from 20 to 64 who register, reside, consume, or study in Taipei as respondents. 450 formal testing samples were distributed and 433 valid ones were collected, with the valid returned rate 96.2%. The research tools involved were questionnaire of “personal background information”, “body image scale”, and “weight loss behaviors scale”. The obtained data was conducted result analysis by SPSS for Windows 20.0, and analyzed by statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics, one sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé method, Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The main findings are as follows:
I. Taipei current situation of male adults ’ “body image” and “weight loss behaviors”
1.1 For male adults in Taipei City, their overall views on "body image" tends to be positive and satisfied. Among the "body image", the subjects pay the most attention to “outer appearance” and least to weight.
1.2 In terms of “the frequency of weight loss methods used in the past”, one in eight subjects choose “regular exercise” which ranks first, and followed by “diet control” and “voluntarily eating health food”.
1.3 In the aspect of the “possibility of weight loss methods in the future”, two in eight subjects choose “regular exercise” which ranked first, and followed by “diet control” and “voluntarily eating health food”.
II. The discrepancy in “body image” caused by different “personal background factors”
For male adults in Taipei City, whose age range from “40 to 60 or above”, the marital status is “divorced”, average monthly income is “above NT$ 89,000”, and the main reason to slim in the past is “affected by social weight loss trend”, the future reason of that is affected by both “social weight loss trend” and “low BMI” person’s satisfaction and positive view for "body image".
III. The discrepancy in frequency of “weight loss method used in the past” caused by "personal background factors"
For male adults in Taipei City, whose age range from “20 to 49”, the educational status is “college education and graduate degree or above”, the marital status is “single”, main reason to slim in the past is “has never tried weight loss method” and “high BMI” person’s satisfaction for “past weight loss method frequency”.
IV. The discrepancy in “the possibility of using weight loss methods in the future” affected by "personal background factors"
For Taipei male adults , whose age range from “40 to 59”, the educational status is “vocational graduate”, the marital status is “married”, and the higher the “marital satisfaction” is, the more likely that the main reason to slim in the past is “affected by social weight loss trend”, the future reason of that is affected by both “social weight loss trend” and “high BMI person” to use weight loss method in the future.
V. The correlation between "body image" and “the possibility of using weight loss methods in the future”
For male adults in Taipei City their "body image" and “the possibility of using weight loss methods in the future” in low degree positive correlation, i.e. the more satisfied the subjects feel about their "body image", the more likely that they will use weight loss method in the future.
VI. The explanatory power of "personal background factors" to "body image" of Taipei male adults
The “average monthly income” and “BMI value” of subjects are two factors which accounts for 25% variation in the explanatory power to "body image". It is indicated that if Taipei male adults , whose average monthly income is “above NT$ 89,000” and have “low BMI value”, then their views on "body image" tend to be positive and satisfied.
VII. The explanatory power of "personal background factors" to “past frequency of using weight loss methods” of Taipei male adults
The “age” and “marital status” of subjects are two factors which accounts for 34% variation in the explanatory power to “past frequency of using weight loss methods”. It has shown that the Taipei male adults , ranging from “40 to 49” with single status, have higher “frequency of using weight loss methods in the past”.
VIII. The explanatory power of "personal background factors" to “the possibility of using weight loss methods in the future” of Taipei male adults
The “education status”, “average monthly income” and “the main reason to slim in the future” are three factors which accounts for 29% variation in the explanatory power to “the possibility of using weight loss methods in the future”. It has revealed that the male adults (in Taipei), who “graduate from high school”, possess “over NT$ 89,000” monthly income, with their main reason to slim in the future is “affected by social weight loss trend”, then they are more likely to use weight loss methods in the future.
IX. The explanatory power of "personal background factors" and "body image" to “past frequency of using weight loss methods” of Taipei male adults
The “age” and “marital status” of subjects are two factors which accounts for 35% variation in the explanatory power to “past frequency of using weight loss methods”. It has shown that the male adults (in Taipei), ranging from “40 to 49” with “single status”, have higher frequency of using weight loss methods in the past.
X. The explanatory power of "personal background factors" and "body image" to “the possibility of using weight loss methods in the future” of Taipei male adults
The "body image", “education status”, “average monthly income”, “the main reason to slim in the future” and “the BMI value” are five factors which accounts for 31% variation in the explanatory power to “the possibility of using weight loss methods in the future”. It has suggested that the male adults (in Taipei), who graduate from high school, possess “over NT$ 89,000 monthly income”, their main reason to slim in the future is “affected by social weight loss trend”, have high “BMI value” and “satisfied” with their "body image", then they are more likely to use weight loss methods in the future.
According to the results and conclusions of research, there were some suggestions to Taipei male adults : people should build correct cognition of body type and adopt and recognize their own "body image"; they also should form good eating habits and establish the proper exercises and slimming plan that suited themselves. Pay moderately attention to one’s appearance and weight, and abandon excessive pursuit for slim. Carefully select weight loss methods and products when doing "weight loss behaviors" in case of irreparable damages to mind and body; people also need to cautiously evaluate and plan slimming courses, actively abided by slimming principles in order to reach the standard body type.
In addition, there were also some advices for medical institutes related to slimming: they’d better hire professional medical workers and provide correct and specific slimming information; diversify the course design to attract the focus of slimmers, also communicate with customers and offer them multiple choices; select the products with health inspection instead of unauthentic ones, in case of consumption disputes. At last, suggestions for relevant responsible institutions: they should promote the concept of “health is beauty”, establish proper "body image"; clamp down on exaggerated slimming advertisements and the behavior of selling inferior quality products which harm human body. They should also announce the proper slimming information and legal medicine to ensure the security of consumers. |
