| 摘要: | 張曉風，以散文成名於六○年代中後期，是個創作領域廣闊的多產作家。其備受讀者肯定及維持最長的創作文類，則在散文。她的散文成就頗高：
1. 知性、感性兼具。
2. 風格變化多樣、想像奇特豐富、語言運用靈活。
3. 題材廣泛、內涵豐富、極具人道關懷。
4. 既能吸取古典傳統文化，又具有現代文學的風貌。
5. 具有女性作家的柔婉細膩。
6. 帶有一股英偉豪邁之氣，其散文在臺灣論壇享有很高的聲譽。
本文以她在一九六六至二○○三年間所出版的散文作為研究的對象。先針對作品的外緣因素，及作家的經歷、文學理念，以及散文創作情形進行客觀的認識，以期能更完整地掌握她作品的面貌。進而梳理、歸納出作品深蘊的豐富內涵，展現作家在文學技巧上的藝術成就，以明張曉風散文在文壇上的獨特意義及價值。本論文共分為十章：
第一章緒論，說明研究動機與目的，針對前人文獻作檢討，界定「散文」的意義，確立研究範圍與方法。
第二章張曉風的生平事蹟與創作觀，敘述張曉風的崛起之路，詳述她的家世背景、生年經歷，其次，探討她如何走向作家之路。再者，概述張曉風作品分期，接著探討她的寫作背景，詳述時代背景，其次以散文的發展加以探討她的文學背景。再者，以人格的構建探討個人背景。最後，探討張曉風散文的創作觀，針對創作動機的引發作探討，其次，探討散文理念、創作原則，以及研究張曉風對散文主題和內涵的思索。再者，分析對散文形式和效果的注重。
第三章張曉風散文的內容，大致歸納為「愛情方面」、「友情方面」、「親情方面」、「自然方面」、「宗教方面」、等五類。
第四章張曉風散文的主題，歸納為「旅遊主題」、「自然書寫主題」、「女性主題」、「飲食主題」等四個主題。
第五章張曉風散文的類型，歸納為「自傳散文」、「傳記散文」、「詠物散文」、「報導散文」、「日記體散文」、「書信體散文」等六類。
第六章張曉風散文寫作技巧探討，分別從七個方面：「象徵的運用」、「擬人的運用」、「譬喻的運用」、「排比的運用」、「想像與美感」、「隱喻比興」、「藝術的誇飾」審視探究，展現其散文技巧上卓越的藝術成就。
第七章張曉風散文寫作風格探討，分為三方面：「語言簡潔明麗」、「文化歷史空間的還原」、「追求文化的高效性」作探討分析。
第八章張曉風散文的寫作意識，共分為兩方面：「藝術的嬉戲性」、「生活的嚴肅性」作探討分析。
第九章張曉風散文的藝術特色，共分為八方面：「維護鄉土文化」、「反應社會真實性」、「為弱勢者及邊緣人發聲」、「掌握時代語言創新文句」、「題材新穎、故事曲奇」、「率性真誠、生活實錄」、「語言幽默、鮮活生動」、「但見性情、不著文字」作探討分析。
第十章結論，整理本論文前述各章節，總結前人的評價與論述，對張曉風及其散文的意義與價值，給予客觀之定位，並展望未來探究的方向。
Show-Foong Chang a productive writer with a wide range of topics, is well known and most recognized by her prose which became famous in late 1960s. Her major achievements can be described as the following:
1. Her prose is not only intellectual but perceptual and varied in style.
2. Her versified styles, imaginative thoughts and sophisticated language skills have found in the works.
3. Her works encompasses various topics and are rich in contents. Moreover, they were full of humanitarianism.
4. Her works a perfect combination of traditional culture and modern literature.
5. As a female writer, she presents gentle and delicate character.
6. Being bold and unconstrained characters in her writings, she earned an outstanding reputation in prose among Taiwanese literatures.
This dissertation focuses on her prose published between 1966 and 2003. First of all, it provides an overall understanding on the outer elements of Chang’s works, including her personal experience, concept of literature, and the background of her creation. With a clearer picture of her works, this research then explores the abundant thoughts behind the context as and the achievement of her literary skills with which to manifest the uniqueness and value of Chang’s prose in Taiwanese literature. This dissertation is composed of ten chapters:
Chapter 1 introduces the motive and purpose of the research and literature review to identify the meaning of “prose” as well as the scope and methodology of the research.
Chapter 2 describes the family background, life experience of Chang and discusses how she became a writer. Firstly, a sketch of her prose in different period was presented by then following a chronology of her creation. Secondly, exploration on her literary background through the development of her prose was carried out. Thirdly, to be familiar with her personality, studies concentrated on the character of her creation. Moreover, Chang’s literature creation, and thoughts and works capture a strong motivation in analyzing her philosophical aspect view. Finally, the ideology, creation principle, and the theme and contents of the Chang’s prose works were discussed, especially focusing on her prose style and effect.
In Chapter 3, the contents of Chang’s prose were categorized in five different sorts: romantic love, friendship, family affection, nature, and religion.
In Chapter 4, the theme of Chang’s prose includes four main scopes: travel, nature, feminine, and diet.
In Chapter 5, Chang’s prose is categorized in six styles: autobiography, biography, object-description, reporting, diary, and epistolary.
In Chapter 6, investigation and analysis of writing skill for the prose of Chang were pursued by seven aspects, symbolic use, anthropomorphic use, metaphoric use, parallel use, imagination and aesthetics, metaphors, and hyperbole in art.
In Chapter 7, investigation and analysis of Chang’s writing style were accomplished through three aspects: “concise, bright and poetic language”, “revivification of cultural and historical space”, and “pursuing cultural with high efficiency.”
In Chapter 8, investigation and analysis on the consciousness of Chang’s work regarding the amusement in art and the solemnity in living were considered.
Chapter 9 deals with analysis of art features in Chang’s prose according to eight aspects: “maintenance of local culture”, “reflection of real society life”, “voicing for minority groups, “innovation of language”, “novel topics and intricate story”, “straightness and sincerity as well as life and living records ”, “ humorous language and vividness”, and “appearing temperament but vain words”.
In Chapter 10, conclusion is drawn based on the aforementioned studies. From different literature aspects and comments of Chang’s prose, it was objectively confirmed that her works play a profound contribution on the meaning and value of the prose. Although some efforts have made in this dissertation, there is still plenty of room to further investigate Chang’s prose in the future. |
