| 摘要: | 本研究主要以臺北市兒少自閉症照顧者針對政府部門提供身心障礙者的各項服務，探討其實際使用情形，並以就讀臺北市高中以下各級公立學校之自閉症者照顧者為抽樣母體，以郵寄問卷之方式進行調查，共發出800份問卷，回收276份問卷，回收率為35％，有效問卷191份，有效回答率為69％，並以平均數、標準差與百分比、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、積差相關等統計方法進行分析，結果獲致下列結論：
一、臺北市兒少自閉症者及其家庭概況
1、本研究受訪者之兒少自閉症子女以6-12歲之男性輕度為最多。
2、本研究受訪之臺北市兒少自閉症照顧者以30-50歲專科以上的母親為主，七成的比例為小家庭，43%的比例需要在家照顧孩子，家庭月收入50,001-100,000元之間，且多無特別信仰。
二、本研究發現在臺北市政府提供身心障礙者的福利措施中，以福利服務涵蓋的範圍最廣，使用的人也最多。第2~第5的需求為交通、就業、教育、早期療育；使用則為交通、教育、早期療育、就業。
三、本研究受訪之臺北市兒少自閉症照顧者不曾使用福利之原因受訪者對於福利未使用的主要原因皆為「目前沒有需要」。
四、對本研究受訪者之自閉症子女而言：不同性別受訪者自閉症子女對於福利需求情形上並沒有顯著的差異。不同年齡及障礙等級則有顯著差異。
五、本研究受訪之臺北市兒少自閉症照顧者對於各項福利需求並沒有顯著的差異；母親對福利需求明顯高於父親對福利的需求。
六、本研究受訪之兒少自閉症照顧者，對於臺北市提供給身心障者的10項福利服務，對於需求情形的感受明顯高於福利使用情形的感受。
七、本研究發現福利需求情形與福利使用情形存在中度相關。
建議
一、給政府的建議
1、建議政府廣泛收集自閉症者及其照顧者之需求，並依實際的需求設計更符合之福利。
2、政府部門對於提供的服務應廣為宣導，讓有需求的人深入了解、多加利用。
3、提供重度以上自閉症者更多的服務。
4、在教育的課程中加入體能、職涯規劃、甚至職業訓練，從小提高就業準備度，讓有能力的自閉症者都有就業的機會。
5、提供照顧者專業的訓練並給予津貼。
二、給照顧者的建議
1、主動搜集資訊、積極尋找資源。
2、儘早的為自己的孩子做好全人發展規劃研究中。
In this study, we explore the status of using the services provided by the city government of Taipei for children and youth with autism through a questionnaire survey. This survey was processed by mailing 800 questionnaires with 276 responses to primary care givers for autistic students in high or elementary public schools. The response rate is 35%. The number of vailed responses is 191, reflecting an effective response rate of 69%. We analyze the questionnaires based on mean, standard deviation, percentage, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. This analysis leads to the following conclusion.
I.Overview of children and youth with autism and their families in Taipei.
1.Most of the autistic children and youth for this the study are male with ages between six and twelve.
2.Most of primary care givers for this study are 30-50 year-old mothers with an education level of or higher than college. About 70% of the givers come from nuclear families while 43% of the respondents have to be full-time mothers. Family income is between 50,001 and 100,000 NT dollars. Most of the givers do not have particular faith.
II.The needs to the autistic children and youth under different background variability.
1.The top priority on the requirements for the givers in this study is welfare, followed by transportation, employment, education, early intervention, other handicapped identification and needs assessment, recreation, right protection, and residential services.
2.There is no significant difference on welfare requirement to the receiver’s autistic children with different sex. The children with age less than 6 need significantly more requirement than those with ages between 6 and 12 who needs more requirement than those with ages of 12-15 and 15-18; The group with age of 12-15 needs significantly more requirement than that with ages of 6-12 and 15-18.
3.The receivers of children and youth with autism have minor difference to the needs of welfare; and the needs from mother are significant higher than fathers.
III.The status for the care givers uses the welfare and the reason why givers with different background don’t use the welfare.
1.The percentage of the usage of the respondents is welfare, followed by transportation, employment, education, early intervention, other handicapped identification and needs assessment, recreation, right protection, and residential services.
2.The reason why those respondents don’t use the welfare is NO NEED.
IV.There are signification difference of the need of welfare and the usage to autism care givers.
V.The welfare service that the Taipei city offers to the hadicated people, the feel of respondents of the Children and Youth with Autism is more significant than the feel to use the welfare.
VI.The relationship of need and how to use the welfare of the care givers of Children and Youth with Autism
VII.The research find the condition of need and welfare use is middle connection.
Suggestion
I.Suggestion to government
1.Suggestion government gather the need of autism and the care givers and design the welfare they really need.
2.The government should announce the welfare publicly that those really needed people can understand and use it.
3.Provide more service to the serious autism
4.Design more physical, job plan, and carrier training, prepare the future possibility to take the job of those autism who have the ability to take a job.
5.Provide the professional train of the service givers and give the allowance.
II.The suggestion to the service givers
1.Gather the resource automatically.
2.Plan the future for the children as early as better. |
