| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解臺北市成年子女的「離婚態度」與「父母婚姻品質」的現況與兩者之間的關係。並瞭解不同「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」之成年子女分別在「父母婚姻品質」與其「離婚態度」上的情形，另探討臺北市成年子女的「父母婚姻品質」與其「離婚態度」之相關性。更進一步瞭解臺北市成年子女「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」及「父母婚姻品質」對「離婚態度」之預測力。
本研究係採「調查法」進行資料的收集，並以「分層比例」之抽樣方法，選取居住於臺北市（六大區）之成年子女為調查對象，正式施測樣本為600份，實得有效樣本為600份，有效回收率100％。所使用之研究工具包括：「個人基本資料調查表」、「父母婚姻品質量表」、「離婚態度量表」。施測所得資料以統計套裝軟體SPSS for Windows 21.0 進行結果分析，分別以描述統計、單一樣本t檢定、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費事後比較法、皮爾森積差相關、以及多元迴歸等統計方法加以分析。本研究旨在探討成年子女父母婚姻品質與離婚態度之研究，主要研究結果如下：
一、臺北市成年子女「父母婚姻品質」與「離婚態度」之現況
1.臺北市成年子女的「父母婚姻品質」傾向於「良好」之狀況。其中以「尊重接納」層面的父母婚姻品質為最佳，而以「家務分工」層面的父母婚姻品質為最差。
2.臺北市成年子女的「離婚態度」傾向於「較開放」的態度，較能接受離婚的行為。其中以「離婚的意向」層面的離婚態度接受度最高，而在「婚姻的長久性」層面的平均得分上，呈現無顯著之情形。
二、不同「個人背景因素」與「家庭背景因素」之臺北市成年子女，分別在「父母婚姻品質」與「離婚態度」上之差異情形
1.臺北市成年子女之「父母婚姻品質」會因「婚姻狀況」、「教育程度」、「父母婚姻狀況」、「父母婚姻衝突」、「對父母離婚的態度」、「與父親關係」、「與母親關係」、「父母是否曾有外遇之情形」的不同而有顯著差異存在。
2.臺北市成年子女之「離婚態度」會因「性別」、「婚姻狀況」、「同居經驗」、「父母婚姻衝突」、「對父母離婚的態度」、「與父親關係」、「父母是否曾有外遇之情形」的不同而有顯著差異存在。
三、臺北市成年子女的「父母婚姻品質」與「離婚態度」之相關情形
受試者之「父母婚姻品質」與「離婚態度」間呈現顯著低程度負相關。意味著，臺北市成年子女的「父母婚姻品質」愈良好，其「離婚態度」愈持保守，愈不能接受離婚的行為。
四、臺北市成年子女「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」及「父母婚姻品質」對「離婚態度」之預測力
1.臺北市成年子女之「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」對「父母婚姻品質」的預測因素包括：「婚姻狀況為同居」、「教育程度為高中職以下及大學」、「父母婚姻狀況為父母離婚」、「父母婚姻衝突」、「對父母離婚的態度」、「與父親關係」、「與母親關係」及「父母外遇情形為是」等八個因素，能有效預測受試者之「父母婚姻品質」55％的變異量。
2.臺北市成年子女之「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」對「離婚態度」的預測因素包括：「性別為女性」、「婚姻狀況為離婚」、「父母婚姻衝突」及「對父母離婚的態度」等四個因素，能有效預測受試者之「離婚態度」20％的變異量。
3.臺北市成年子女之「個人背景因素」、「家庭背景因素」及「父母婚姻品質」對「離婚態度」的預測因素包括：「性別為女性」、「婚姻狀況為離婚」、「父母婚姻衝突」及「對父母離婚的態度」等四個因素，能有效預測受試者之「離婚態度」20％的變異量。
根據本論文研究的結果，對於父母、成年子女分別建議如下：成年子女可藉由適當的管道，學習與異性的相處方式，同時以正確的認知及負責的態度看待兩性之間的關係；而在家庭的經營與婚姻的維繫上，應有共同承擔以及接受婚姻問題的決心與信心。此外，父母雙方應培養良好的夫妻互動模式，以合宜的溝通技巧、妥善的應對措施及處理辦法，面對婚姻中所產生的問題與狀況。同時用以身作則的態度維護婚姻的和諧，以成為子女的楷模及學習對象，並建立正確及健康的婚姻態度與觀念；不僅如此，父母宜主動引導子女學習經營幸福婚姻的方式，並讓子女有機會瞭解離婚的成因，以及如何避免離婚行為的誘因產生。
再者，由本文研究顯示，建議婚姻輔導工作者，宜多關注父母的婚姻關係及婚姻品質的良窳；且重視父母婚姻的相處模式及情感交流的態度，對子女面對婚姻的態度所帶來的影響及正確的價值觀。同時提供解決婚姻問題的方法與提升應對問題的能力，開發相關的課程或教材，以引導子女對婚姻及家庭的重視，並建立正確的婚姻態度與價值觀。
The goal in this study is to understand the current status and the correlations between “parental marital quality” and “attitude toward divorce” of Taipei adults. Besides, we explored the influences of “different personal background” and “different family background” on “parental marital quality” and “attitude toward divorce”. Furthermore, the predictive power of “attitude toward divorce” and “parents’ marital quality” with “different personal background” and “different family background” was also probed.
In this research, the approach of questionnaire survey was used to collect the data. And the proportionate stratified sampling was adopted on the samples of 600 Taipei adults (six zones), 600 samples were all valid returns (100%). Research tools included a personal background questionnaire, parental marital quality scale, and attitude toward divorce scale. The collected data were analyzed by the software SPSS for Windows 21.0 with the statistical methods such as one-sample t test, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe’ Method, Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. The principal findings along with this study are described as follows:
A. the current status of “parental marital quality” and “attitude toward divorce” of the Taipei adults:
1. The surveying data appears the status of the “parental marital quality” in Taipei City is good. Of all the dimensions, “acceptance with respect” shows the highest quality of parental marital relationships; whereas, “division of housework” shows the worst marriage quality.
2. The “attitude toward divorce” of Taipei adults who tend to open, i.e., they can accept the divorce behavior more easier. Of all the dimensions, “the intentions of divorce” on divorce attitude shows the highest degree of acceptance. Whereas, the average score on the level of "long-term nature of marriage" appears insignificant signal.
B. the influence of “different personal background“ and “different family background“ on “parental marital quality” and “attitude toward divorce”:
1. The “parents’ marital quality” of Taipei adults will be obviously affected by the following factors: ”marital status”, ”education”, “parental marital status”, “parental marital conflict”, “the attitude of the parental divorce”, “relationship with his father”, “relationship with his mother”, and “parents’ extramarital relationships”.
2. The “attitude toward divorce” of Taipei adults will be obviously affected by the following factors: ”gender”, ”marital status”, “cohabitation experience”, “parents' marital conflict”, “the attitude of the parents' divorce”, “relationship with his father”, and “parents’ extramarital relationships”
C. The correlation between the “parental marital quality” and ”attitude toward divorce” of the Taipei adults:
Through the analysis of the data, we obtain a low, negative and significant correlation between the participants’ “parental marital quality” and ”attitude toward divorce”. In other words, the more better of the “parental marital quality”, their ”attitude toward divorce” tend to be more conservative, and the more harder to accept the behavior of divorce.
D. the predictive power of adults’ “attitude toward divorce” by “parental marital quality” with “different personal background“ and “different family background“:
1. The predictive factors of the “parental marital quality” with “different personal background“ and “different family background“ include:” marital status in cohabitation”, “the level of education”, “parental marital status being divorce”, “parental marital conflict”, “the attitude toward the parents’ divorce”, “relationship with his father”, “relationship with his mother”, and “parents’ extramarital relationships”. It can effectively predict the “parental marital quality” of the participants. The variance of prediction can reach by a value of 55％.
2. The predictive factors of the “attitude toward divorce” with “different personal background“ and “different family background“ include: “female”, “marital status being divorce”, “parental marital conflict”, “the attitude toward the parents’ divorce”. It can effectively predict the “attitude toward divorce” of the participants. The variance of prediction can reach by a value of 20％.
3. The predictive factors of “attitude toward divorce” by “parental marital quality” with “different personal background“ and “different family background“ include: “female”, “marital status being divorce”, “parental marital conflict”, “the attitude toward the parents’ divorce”. It can effectively predict the “attitude toward divorce” of the participants. The variance of prediction can reach by a value of 20％.
According to the study results, we strongly recommended the adults should learn how to get along with the opposite sex friends. Simultaneously, the adults must own the correct cognition that has the duty to operate the relationships of the couple, to construct a happy family and marriage in faith and confidence cooperatively.
In addition, parents are suggested to develop a good couple interaction patterns with appropriate communication skills, and teach approaches to solve those problems which always happen in the life of marriage. Therefore, children will have a healthy attitude to face the idea of marriage. Not only that, parents should guide their children to learn the way how to running a happy marriage, and let their children have the opportunity to understand the causes of divorce, and how to avoid divorce inducement to produce.
Moreover, the proposed marital counselors, should pay more attention to the quality of the parental marital relationship, the importance of parental marriage patterns and the way of emotional communication. Since those will deeply affect “children’ attitude toward marriage” and “concept of marriage value” in the future. Besides, we suggested the counselors should develop some relevant courses or research-related materials that could be provided on marital interaction and marital problems. Thereby, children will be taught to know the importance of a family, to establish the correct attitudes and values of marriage. It will be helpful for constructing a harmonious society. |
