論「以孝治天下」與兩漢政治、制度

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题名:	論「以孝治天下」與兩漢政治、制度 A study of administer the country by filial piety on Han Dynasty's politics and system
作者:	王國泰
贡献者:	史學研究所
关键词:	孝治孝經尊老養老援孝入法
日期:	2006
上传时间:	2014-09-09 13:16:12 (UTC+8)
摘要:	漢代重孝是一個長久以來被視為定論的觀念，此由漢帝諡號除前漢高祖劉邦與後漢光武帝外皆有孝字於其上可見，且此用法亦影響到匈奴。關於漢代「以孝治天下」較詳細的實行情況於正史雖不多見，但仍有相關紀錄，然從漢代之設鄉官孝弟、舉孝廉、以孝教化人民等證據顯示，漢代以孝治天下之說，可為定論，然針對此說進行深入研究的文章則不多，本文即希望藉由傳統史料及新史料中找尋出確切的證據，以展示出漢代在行政、決策、制度等等，多依照「孝」來行事，以使「以孝治天下」之說，能夠更深刻的表現出來，而非單純的說漢代是以孝治天下。 Since the Han Dynasty 重孝 has been long-time is regarded as the conclusion the idea, this all has the filial piety character by the Chinese emperor 諡number except former han dynasty great-great grandfather Liu Bang and Eastern Han Dynasty light Wu Tiwai to above obviously, also this usage also affects Hsiungnu. "To the filial piety governs world" about the Han Dynasty the more detailed implementation situation although not to see to the histories in form of biographies, but still had the correlation record, however supposed the township official from the Han Dynasty 孝弟, lifts 孝廉, to the filial piety enlightens evidence and so on people demonstrated, the Han Dynasty to the filial piety governed saying of the world, but was the conclusion, however in view of this said conducted the thorough research the article 章則 not to be many, this article was the hope affiliation pursues the accurate evidence by in the traditional historical data and the recent historical data, demonstrated the Han Dynasty in administration, decision-making, system and so on, deferred to "the filial piety" to handle affairs much, caused "to the filial piety to govern the world" saying, Can 夠 a more profound performance, but non- pure said the Han Dynasty is governs the world by the filial piety. What is this research starts by filial piety, first "the filial piety" the character will make a definition, again will govern this question in future definition discussion filial piety by the filial piety character. Center may know the filial piety character from "Shuowen Jiezi" the meaning is: "The good parents, from the old man, the obeying the son, sub- receive old." However from engraved inscription then the detectable filial piety character initial meaning is in the sacrificial offering day, the filial piety which the ancestor and so on but non- today knows raises the parents. Therefore governs regarding the filial piety the definition cannot 夠 limit after passing through the Confucianist to transform, manifests governs the thought to "孝經" the center filial piety. After governs the filial piety has done the definition, then regarding two Chinese times society in to the filial piety venerates does an elaboration, and is two Chinese pre-Qin thinkers to the filial piety thought an introduction and the analysis, how to the time sees this time the social convention is forms, also correlation which governs with the filial piety why. Again comes is Han Dynasty's politics, how the operation system is "the filial piety" affects, and proposed the actual example, like the policy making, chooses the official system, to care for the aged execution, the help filial piety the respect for elders system enters law and so on, demonstrated the Han Dynasty filial piety governs the actual operation surface. Finally is the success and failure which the summary serves with wine after the funeral governs, and proposed later ages continuing which govern to the filial piety with development, knew the filial piety governs to the later ages influence.
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