| 摘要: | 隨著台灣地區近年來對環境保護與生態保育議題的重視，生態工法開始被運用在國家公園、林務局、風景區及縣市政府之河川治理、水土保持與道路工程等相關工程，其中在登山步道之規劃設計與工程進行，亦強調生態工法之考量與應用。
本研究藉由文獻回顧整理國內外步道生態工法，主要是參考林務局、美國林務署相關步道設計規範及碩博士論文，將步道清理範圍、步道選改線與其鋪面工法、排水工法、護坡工法及植生工法等進行資料彙整，並透過林務局推廣之國家級與區域級國家步道田野調查，進行生態工法案例整理分析。研究應用田野調查與訪談，以第一條採用生態工法進行施工整建之國家步道--「能高越嶺道」為例，深入探討施作經驗。
本研究認為生態工法之定義可修正為「於具有人類使用需求之環境中，利用生態考量與科學技術進行改善，達到兼顧使用安全並協助自然生態自我修復達穩定平衡之工法」，並從國家步道與生態工法適用性、能高越嶺道之生態工法執行經驗、採用統包機制之優缺點、行政體制之檢討等向度進行討論，建議未來國家步道整建應落實生態工法之本土應用、加強施作經驗分享。後續研究則可針對高山工程合理經費編列及長期監測以追蹤生態工法達成之環境效益進行探討。
In recent years the environmental protection and ecological restoration have been emphasized in Taiwan. The ecological engineering techniques were applied to deal with river and stream management, water and land conservation, and highway construction by the National Parks of CPA, Forestry Bureau, recreation authorities, and city/county governments as well. The ecological engineering concept was also considered in the trail design and construction.
This study reviews the ecological engineering techniques for trail construction including clearing, reroute, pavement, drainage, retaining wall and planting those are documented by the Forestry Bureau in Taiwan and US and other published references. This study also analyzed, through field survey, the trail construction that used ecological engineering promoted by the Forestry Bureau, Taiwan. This study used the Nengao cross-ridge historic trail as an example to discuss the application of ecological engineering in the trail construction.
The results from this study suggest that the ecological engineering can be better defined as “the engineering with the consideration of ecology and improved technics to ensure its constructions with safe usage and to maintain equilibrium with ecology applied in the environment for human usage”. From reviewing the appropriateness of applying the ecological engineering to national trails, the experience of the constructions of the Nengao trail, the advantage and disadvantages of using a turnkey project, and administration mechanism, this study makes suggestions on how to apply the ecological engineering to national trails locally, and to enhance exchanging the construction experience. In the future work, more study should be conducted to review and discuss reasonable budget for trail constructions in high mountain areas and conducting long-term survey on the effect of the ecological engineering on environment. |
