| 摘要: | 國家為維持家庭生活之和諧、婚姻與身分關係之安定及確保子女之權益，妻之受胎於婚姻關係存續中者，推定其所生子女為婚生子女，是為民法上婚生推定制度。惟夫妻間亦可能處於長期失和之情況，此時子女之身分得以婚生否認之訴推翻其婚生推定，作為血統真實性之緩和手段。本文以我國法事實上親子關係之立法沿革為起點，就婚生否認之訴、繼承權被侵害之人提起否認子女之訴、繼承回復請求事件、認領之訴、認領無效之訴及認領撤銷之訴，作立法沿革之介紹，並經由法制史之觀察，及藉由民法、民事訴訟法及家事事件法所制訂之目的及修正理由，以對法規沿革為全盤性之了解。
關於婚生子女否認之訴有諸多相關爭議問題值得探討，試提出問題點如下：（一）是否有必要開放具有真實血統關係之父親，提出婚生子女否認之訴；（二）針對婚生子女否認之訴之性質，究為確認之訴或形成之訴，學說上有不同見解之爭議及討論；（三）受婚生推定之婚生子女，經否認之訴勝訴判決確定後，除去婚生子女之身分時，得向具有真實血統關係之父依據民法第1067條提起認領之訴。蓋認領之其中一要件，即被認領者須為非婚生子女；惟若認領錯誤時，究為主張「認領無效之訴」抑或「認領撤銷之訴」？於學說上亦有不同之討論；（四）家事事件法第64條繼承權被侵害之人得提起否認子女之訴，其與民法第1146條繼承回復請求權與民法第767條物上返還請求權間之關係為何，本文亦對三者權利間之關聯作一研析；（五）婚生子女否認之訴提訴期間經過後，可否由確認親子關係存在或不存在之訴代替，提出學說及實務上不同之見解。茲將上述問題於本文內逐一討論。
本文亦提出日本法關於婚生子女否認之訴之立法制度及其所衍生之相關問題為研究，並以婚生子女否認之訴為主軸，進一步延伸探討認領之訴、認領無效之訴、撤銷認領之訴、確認親子關係存否之訴、因婚生推定而繼承權被侵害之人提起否認子女之訴等問題，與我國規定為相對應之比較法研析；最後提出合理之立法論與解釋論，作為本文結論及未來修法之建議。
In order to maintain the family life in harmony, stablility of marriage and the relationship between identity and ensure that the interests of children, where the wife conceives during the continuance of a marriage relationship, a child so born is presumed to be legitimate, that is the presumption legitimate system in civil law in Taiwan. But the couples may also be disharmony in the long term, this time the children’s identities can bring an action for disavowal to overturn the presumption, to ease the authenticity of the origin. This article uses legislative history of the parent-child relationship in actually as a starting point, introducing legislative history of disavowal of legitimacy, a person whose right to inherit is injured may an action to disavow the legitimacy of a child, the succession restoration right, claim acknowledgement, claim acknowledgement of no avail, revoked claim acknowledgement, and through observation of legal history, and formulated proposed, and reason for amendments by Civil Code, Code of Civil Procedure and Family Law by Case on the statute in order to the overall evolution of the understanding.
About disavowal of legitimacy, there are many related issues be worthy of discussions, the questions as follows: (A) whether it is necessary to open the true lineage relationship with his father, made the disavowal of legitimacy；(B) there are different views of the controversy and discussion on the doctrine , which disavowal of legitimacy is confirmed or formed；(C) subject to the presumption of legitimate children born in wedlock, by denying the appeal in favor of the judgment, the time of removal of the identity of a legitimate child, the parent must have a real relationship that is based on descent Civil Code Section 1067 lawsuit filed claim. One of the elements of the cover claimed, it must be claimed by illegitimate child；if the claim be in error, study for the proposition “claim acknowledgement of no avail” or “revoked claim acknowledgement” ? There are different theories on the discussion. (D) what relationships of Family Law by Case Act 64 of a person whose right to inherit is injured may an action to disavow the legitimacy of a child, Civil Code Act 1146 of the Succession Restoration Right and Civil Code Act 767 of the right to request the return of the matter, this article also researches and analyses between right’s association；(E) After during preceding in disavowal of legitimacy, whether according to the actions concerning parent-child relationship or not, there are different opinions theories and practices.
This article also raises disavowal of legitimacy of legislative history in Japan, and makes disavowal of legitimacy as the main, to extended of claim acknowledgement, claim acknowledgement of no avail, revoked claim acknowledgement, the actions concerning parent-child relationship, a person whose right to inherit is injured may an action to disavow the legitimacy of a child, to compare with our country. Finally, legislation on reasonable theory and interpretation, as suggested in this article conclusions and future repair methods. |
