宋代的游民問題研究

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题名:	宋代的游民問題研究 The Study of the Vagrant Problem in Sung Dynasty
作者:	蔡松林 Tsai, Sung-Lin
贡献者:	史學系
关键词:	宋代游民游手游惰游乞 Sung Dynasty Vagrant Idler Beggar
日期:	2014-06
上传时间:	2014-09-04 09:37:12 (UTC+8)
摘要:	海內外宋史領域的研究，質與量上皆有可觀。然而平民社會所受到的關注卻是比較缺乏的，這或許和史料零散，鑽研過程耗時費日有關。但是不可否認的，平民社會能夠討論的課題不少，宋代的游民問題就是其中一個。綜觀整個宋代社會，存在著城市發達、天災頻繁、戰事不斷、賦役繁重、賤農貴末等因素，似乎為游民的生活營造了許多機會與空間，但目前的研究卻仍是處於薄弱和停滯的狀態。這和游民問題在歷史學界鮮少有學者跨足有關，才會導致宋代的游民課題，也受到這種學術氛圍影響而乏人問津。故以「宋代的游民問題研究」為題進行探討，不僅是一個新課題的嘗試，也是繼碩士論題「宋代的俠士」之後，對於宋代平民生活的持續關注。而藉由游民現象分析，呈現宋代平民社會的不同面貌，則是筆者可以預期的成果。本文共分為六章。第一章：〈緒論〉，敘述研究動機、目的及方法，回顧論題的研究概況，預期成果。第二章：〈游民的概況與意涵〉，分析先秦至宋代的游民概況，釐清游民與游俠、俠士、流民的角色關係，條件化宋代的游民定義，整理游民的活動時期、地域分布等。第三章：〈游民的類型與個案分析〉，將宋代游民區分為游惰、游乞、游業、游俠等類型，並進行所處時期、背景關係的探討，以了解各類型游民的特質。第四章：〈游民的形成原因〉，針對游民的各種形成原因進行探究，分析游民的生存之道。第五章：〈游民與政府的互動關係〉，從各種層面解析，宋朝政府如何以有效的互動政策消除游民的衝擊，維持社會的穩定。第六章：〈結論〉，重視游民的存在現象，針對各章成果與所得進行梳理，為此論題做總結。 The research of the history field of internal and external Sung is considerable on quality and quantity. But the concern that common people's society receives is more scarce, perhaps this is scattered with the historical data, study intensively the time consuming fee of the course and have something to do on day. But undeniable, there are many subjects that common people's society can discuss, the question of vagrant in Sung Dynasty is one of these. Take a broad view of whole Sung Dynasty society, have the intersection of city and developed, the intersection of natural disaster and frequent, war constantly, the intersection of taxes and corvee and the intersection of strenuous low-down agricultural your last line,etc. and factor, seem to build a lot of chances and spaces for the vagrant's life, but present research is still in the weak and stagnant state. This seldom has scholars to have something to do with with vagrant's question across the foot the historical educational circles, will cause the subject of vagrant in Sung Dynasty, also receive such academic atmosphere influences but few people shows any interest in. So write the title as ' the problem of vagrant in Sung Dynasty is studied ' and carry on the discussion, it is not merely a attempt of a new subject, also following ' the chivalrous person in Sung Dynasty ' of master's proposition, the lasting concern about common people's life of Sung Dynasty. And analyze, different appearances of common people's society of Sung Dynasty appear with vagrant's phenomenon, it is the achievement that the author can expect. This text is divided into six seals altogether. Chapter one: <introduction>, narrate research motive, purpose and method, review the research overview of the proposition, achievement that it is expected. Chapter two: <the vagrant's overview and meaning>, analyze the pre-Qin period to the overview of vagrant in Sung Dynasty, distinguish the vagrant, chivalrous person, relation between chivalrous person, the vagrant's role, condition vagrant in Sung Dynasty defines, the activity period, region to put the vagrant in order were distributed etc.. Chapter three: <analyze by type and case of vagrant>, vagrant divide into, visit lazy visiting beg, the visiting industry, chivalrous person type Sung Dynasty, and it is in the discussions of period, background relation to go on, in order to understand all kinds of vagrant's speciality. Chapter four: <the forming reason of the vagrant>, form the reason to probe into to various of the vagrant's, way to analyze the vagrant's existence. Chapter five: <the vagrant and interdynamic relation of the government>, analyze from various aspects, how did the government dispelled the vagrant's impact with the effective interdynamic policy in Sung Dynasty, maintain the stability of the society. Chapter six: <the conclusion>, pay attention to the vagrant's existence phenomenon, comb to every chapter achievement and income, make the summary for this proposition.
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