本研究將依據布魯納(J.S. Bruner)「螺旋式課程理論」(spiral
curriculum)設計高中舞蹈班國劇武功之課程。透過文獻分析,將探討舞蹈技巧的定義與學習理論、國劇基本功之課程發展與現況及螺旋式課程設計之理論與教學策略。經由國劇武功課程設計後,將實際運用於臺北市立中正高中舞蹈班,再透過觀察與問卷檢驗其成果。研究結果如下:
一、就舞蹈技巧的定義而言,舞蹈技巧類分為:(一)舞蹈動作技巧;(二)韻律感;(三)表演與創作。將舞蹈技巧的定義,從「動作」推廣至「韻律感的動作」、「舞蹈的動作」、「表演的動作」與「自創的動作」。
二、螺旋式課程理論適合於舞蹈技巧課程,因為螺旋式之課程設計原則與排列,皆強調不斷地反覆練習、加深加廣。以學生的舊知識為先備知識,逐漸累積的經驗與實力,使學生在學習上更有信心,亦激發學生內在的學習動機。
三、螺旋式舞蹈技巧課程的教學方法,能讓學生學到更深入、更完整的舞蹈技巧及概念。教師在設計課程上,可關照到各層面的舞蹈技巧、知識種類與學習形態,所以較易產生有效的學習。
四、兩岸開放交流後,國劇武功教學已進入融合時期,教學除了基本功之外,更加入中國古典舞身韻、基訓、武術及太極等。在毯子功的部分,大多不安排在課程裡,除非排練屬於武功的舞作時,才特別加強訓練,此顯示出國劇武功之教學範圍已擴展至各層面。
This research is based on J.S. Bruner’s spiral curriculum theory to establish Chinese Kung-Fu Curriculum in high school dance department. Through literature approach and analysis to study the definition of dancing technique and earning theory of dance. The curriculum development of Chinese Kung-Fu. Theory of spiral curriculum. Based on these researches. A new dance technique curriculum has been designed, which is concerned the ways of teaching Chinese Kung-Fu. The outcome of this curriculum design has been applied in the dance department of Chung-Cheng high school. The evaluations of these classes were examined through observation and questionnaire studies. All the outcome of this research is discussed as follows.
1.For dancing technique definition, dancing technique are classified (1)Dancing motor skill (2)Rhythm ability (3)Performance & Creations. The definition of dancing technique is expanded from “ Movement” to “ Rhythmic movement” “ Dancing movement” “ Performance movement “.
2.Spiral curriculum theory is befitted on dance curriculum planning. Because of the theory is emphasized on repetition practice, and both to deepen, to widen the level of dance technique. Through which the learning experiences can be accumulated. Moreover, the confidence of learning can be established.
3.According to the questionnaire studies, the spiral curriculum of Chinese Kung-Fu is effective in learning, experiencing, performing and creating Chinese Kung-Fu that in related to the aims of teaching planning.
4. The changes of society, which influence the ways of teaching Chinese Kung-Fu. Especially, after 1990th some dance teachers migrated form Mainland China. The integrated curriculum and teaching methods of Chinese Kung-Fu were aroused in dance schools. Nevertheless, the ambit of dance technique can be enlarged into martial art, Tai chi, Chinese Traditional Beauteous-gesture and…etc.