| 摘要: | 對於微動量測應用於識別各類建築構造物之共振週期已有相關文獻加以探討。但對於混合構造之古蹟建築物而言，經實際量測發現，各牆體之共振週期會有所不同，必須分別量測，因此本研究乃以一面混合構造古蹟建築物牆體作為探討對象。由於古蹟建築物以一樓至二樓為多，因其構造低矮的特性，導致量測的振動訊號混雜著環境振動源，其微動反應頻譜圖具有多峰值，以致其共振週期不易識別。因此本研究將尋求混合構造古蹟建築物牆體共振週期易於識別之方法，以便能穩定識別此等建築物之共振週期，以作為診斷其結構狀態之依據。
本研究以板橋林家花園定靜堂（磚木混合）之牆體進行實證，利用微振動感測器之量測，同時記錄其牆體及地表之微動歷時資料，再利用FAMOS(Fast Analysis& Monitoring of Signals) 訊號分析處理軟體進行快速富利葉轉換 (FFT,Fast Fourier Transform)，將時間域資料轉為頻率域資料，經研究利用頻率響應函之技術，即可將地表環境振動影響因素加以剔除，而顯示出牆體之微動顯著頻率，如此便易於識別出低矮混合構造古蹟建築物牆體之共振週期。
本研究最後透過對仿古磚牆的破壞實驗，得知牆體的破壞(裂縫長度)確實會引致共振週期之變長（視裂縫長度而定），因此可藉微動量測，作為未來診斷建築結構破壞之依據。
本研究共分五章二十九節，茲將各章摘要分述如後：
第一章-緒論：敘述本研究之動機目的為始，其次闡釋本研究的範圍與內容，最後說明本研究的步驟、方法與流程，冀閱者由此章節即明全文概要。
第二章-微動量測理論與頻率響應函數文獻回顧：首先探討微動量測的基本觀念及共振週期的識別方法，而後回顧混合構造古蹟建築物微動量測的應用情形。在文獻中發現古蹟建築物因屬非剛性構造，且在牆體共振週期上有其識別上之困擾，最後回顧頻率響應函數之技術，以此技術來識別低矮混合構造古蹟建築物牆體共振週期。
第三章-微動量測資料分析原理及技術：首先探討結構物側向勁度與共振週期的關係，其次說明本研究資料處理與分析方式，最後介紹所使用的量測工具與分析軟體。
第四章-實證案例微動量測與其共振週期分析：首先驗證環境振動源與量測高度對共振週期識別之影響，其次探討頻率響應函數對於混合構造古蹟牆體共振週期識別之適用性，並探討同片牆體不同材料部位共振週期是否有所差異，最後建立定靜堂牆體共振週期資料庫。
第五章-結論與建議：混合構造古蹟建築物共振週期識別困擾的原因為輸入訊號與輸出訊號的干擾，此問題經研究發現可以用頻率響應函數之方式加以解決，過濾地表的微振動源干擾，如此頻譜圖即可變成單一峰值，而可快速識別出牆體之共振週期。
It already has some studies about identifying the buildings’ resonance periods in every kind of constructions, by using ambient vibration measuring. As for the mixed construction historic buildings, according to experiments, it discovered that there are some difference between every wall’s resonance periods, so they have to measured individually, the study’s object lies on a mixed construction historic building’s wall. Due to the historic buildings in the majority of one to two stories,they have the characteristics of lower construction ,lead to the measured signals are mixed with the environmental vibration sources, making confusions on identifying fundamental periods, which showed with multiple peaks on its ambient vibration response spectrum figure. The study will find out the liable method on identifying the mixed construction historic building walls’ resonance periods, identifying the mixed construction historic buildings’resonance periods stably,to make a authority on diagnose their structure conditions.
The study make practical attestation with the walls in the Din Jin Ton（brick- and-wood mixed construction）, Ban Ciao City ,uses the equipments of ambient vibration meters, to record the diachronic data of the mixed construction historic building walls and ground, and then use FAMOS(Fast Analysis& Monitoring of Signals)-the processing software of analyzing signals, to run FFT（Fast Fourier Transform）,convert the time domain data into the frequency domain data, and according to the study, use the technique-frequency response function, reject the environmental vibration influence factor, and show the walls’ remarkable resonance frequency, so it is liable to identifying the resonance periods of lower mixed construction historic building walls.
Finally, The study make an experiment by destroy the historic building -like wall, knowing that the destruction of walls indeed lead to the changing of resonance periods, by using the experimental attestation ,to make a authority on diagnose the structure’s destruction in the future.
This thesis contains five chapters, twenty nine sections, and summed up individually as follows:
The first chapter introduced the motives and the purpose of the study at the beginning, and then describes the range and the contents, and finally describes the process, the method and procedure. Expecting the readers can comprehend the framework of this thesis by reading this chapter.
The second chapter－references review of the ambient vibration measuring theories and the resonance frequency functions：at first, studies the basic concept of the ambient vibration measuring and the identifying method of the resonance periods ,and then review the application conditions on the mixed construction historic buildings’ ambient vibration measuring. In the references, because the historic buildings are not rigid structures, and have confusions on identifying the walls’ resonance periods；finally, review the technique of the resonance frequency functions, by using this technique, to identifying the low-stories mixed construction historic buildings’ resonance periods.
The third chapter－the principles and techniques of the ambient vibration measuring data analyses：first, studies the relation between the structure’s side strengths and the resonance periods；and then describes the way of handle and analysis data；finally introduce the measuring tools and the analyzing software used in this thesis.
The fourth chapter－the practical attestation’s ambient vibration measures and its’ resonance periods analyses：first, tests the environmental vibration sources and measuring altitude’s influence on identifying resonance periods；second, studies the applicability of frequency resonance functions to identify the mixed construction historic building walls’ resonance periods, and if there is any difference between difference material location ’s resonance periods in the same wall；finally, establishes the resonance period data base of the walls in the Din Jin Ton.
The fifth chapter is to describe the conclusion and proposals of the study. The cause of confusions on identifying the mixed construction historic building walls’ resonance periods is the interruption of input signals and output signals, the difficulty can be solved by the way of using the frequency resonance functions, filtered the interruption of vibration sources from the surface of the earth, thus the spectrum figures become single peak value, and can identifying the walls’ resonance periods rapidly. |
