| 摘要: | 成語是人類智慧與生活經驗的總結與結晶。它能夠形象、生動、精練地表達人的思想及人世間深刻的道理。在人類的語言中存在著大量反映動物名稱的詞彙，存在著大量以動物為喻體的比喻性短語，並依據動物的外貌、顏色、習性等特徵賦予它們特定的情感和喻義。由於俄漢語分屬於不同的語系，兩者之間因文化、心理、宗教、風俗、生活習慣、地理環境等背景不同，產生俄漢成語的認知上的差異。本論文研究的宗旨在探討俄漢語帶動物詞彙成語的異同性。論文內容共分三章，茲提論述重點如下：
第一章 語言的對比類型研究。 首先對成語的定義和範圍的界定。其次是研究在現代文化語言裡語言的對比研究的理論問題。在這一章同時強調在分析過程中應該分出成語的意義的民族文化的成分，這些成分進入成語的形象系統，並反映每一民族的精神。
第二章 俄漢語帶動物名稱成語的語義特性的研究。在這一章主要在於探討俄漢語帶動物名稱成語語義的特性，第一、二節探討含動物名稱成分成語的分類，第三節 探討俄漢語含動物詞彙成語的語義範疇的概念和概念層級的結構，其重點是先瞭解表意文字的概念層級的結構直接和結構語義的範疇有關，同時也瞭解成語的語義範疇是綜合成語單位語義的、結構的、功能的本質，所以它的結構是複雜的、多方面的現象。儘管不同的語義範圍的建立有差別，但仍可區分若干原則的語義範疇的共同特性。
第三章 俄漢語含動物詞彙成語的對比研究。這個研究分為三個部份：第一部份是完全或部分相對應的成語；第二部份是類似相關連相對應的成語；第三部份是不對應的成語。
本論文研究的成果可應用於俄漢語教學，並作為教科書和翻譯教材的參考以及俄漢民族文化對比之研究。
The proverb is the summary and refinement of human wisdom and life experience. It can express visually, vitally, briefing about the human thought and the profound reason on the earth. Among the plenty words with animal terms in the human languages, there are a lot of short and symbolic imagery terms with animal as a metaphor, which symbolize its specific emotion and meaning by using animals’ characteristics, such as appearance, color, habit and etc.. Because of different language phylum of Russian and Mandarin, background distinction from culture, psychology, religion, custom, geography, etc, generates the difference between Russian and Mandarin’s perception over proverb. This research aims to discuss the difference and similarity of proverbs with animal terms between Russian and Mandarin. It includes three chapters, whose key points are as following:
Chapter 1 The comparative research on languages. First, it defines the meaning and range of proverbs. Secondly, it researches the theories on the comparative study of the languages in modern culture. In this chapter, it also emphasizes that the cultural factor in the meaning of proverb should be identified during the process of analysis. Those factors enter to the image system of proverb and reflect the spirit of each folk.
Chapter 2 The research on characteristic of semantics of Russian and Mandarin’s proverbs with animal terms. In this chapter, it mainly discusses the characteristic of semantics in the Russian and Mandarin’s proverbs with animal terms. The first and second paragraphs discuss the catalogue of proverbs with animal terms. The third paragraph is to discuss the concept of semantics range and structure of idea level in the Russian-Mandarin proverbs with animal terms. The key point is to understand the structure in the idea level of expressing words and about the semantics range, at the same time, to conceive that the essence of semantics range is combined of semantics, structure and function in the proverbs. So its structure has complex and multifaceted phenomena. Even there are differences among the buildings of various semantics range, some common characters of certain principle of semantics range could be distinguished.
Chapter 3 The comparative study of Russian-Mandarin’s proverbs with animal terms. This chapter is designed into three parts: First part is the completely or partially corresponding proverbs; second the similar corresponding proverbs; third the non-corresponding proverb.
The outcome of this research can apply to the Russian-Mandarin teaching, as well as the textbook and reference of translation teaching material, and the comparative study on the Russian-Mandarin culture. |
