| 摘要: | 科技文明與生態文化都是人類思想與智慧的具體表現，在科技文明的演進過程中，人類社會對自然生態的認知建構出人與自然間的互動關係，即生態文化的具體呈現。概括而言，農業時期人和自然緊密結合的依存關係，在進入工業文明後從以「自然生態」為中心的價值，轉變為以「人類自我」為中心；由「順應自然與萬物共生」的思維，轉變為「征服自然與經濟掛帥」的思想。導致當代都市住宅社區居住環境與環境不共生的現況問題，包括：全球自然氣候變遷、都市熱島效應、交通擁擠、能源耗費、環境污染、都市防災、社區人際關係淡薄等窘境，呈現人類聚居發展日益背離生態學與人類學的事實，進而促使二十一世紀重視生態文化的規劃思潮再起。
依據人類文明發展過程中聚居演變的事實，本研究鎖定由人居環境的社區層級探討共生環境建構的規劃思維。並援引生態學「共生」的概念，企由規劃模式建構自然環境與人為環境的和諧共生關係，以謀求自然資源利用效益的最大化，同時兼具自然環境破壞最小化的共生環境規劃方式。故針對都市住宅社區及台灣地域特質的考量，期建立適用於台灣地區的都市住宅社區共生環境規劃模式，提供規劃設計者進行環境規劃時的規劃原則，以落實社區共生環境的實質創造。
基於第二章的文獻回顧，本研究站在道薩迪亞斯、黑川紀章、陳錦賜等巨人的肩膀上，由台灣綠建築、日本環境共生住宅及傳統城鄉聚落等與環境的高度共生關係中汲取經驗。並於第三章建構出適宜台灣熱濕氣候、高密度發展的都市住宅社區共生環境規劃模式，除了台灣綠建築「自然生態」面的考慮外，並加入了地方「歷史人文」、「社會文明」及「社區建築」等質性面向的建構，從而定出17項規劃原則及60項評估準則，並歸納出24項規劃的共生因子，以作為規劃方案共生度評估的界面，提供規劃設計者從事都市住宅社區規劃時能交叉運用並自我檢核，期能在兼顧四大面向的規劃原則下建構都市住宅社區共生環境。
本研究繼而於第四章中藉由台北市北投區復興崗捷運站旁的「悅揚社區」之實例操作，依第三章所制定的規劃流程操作，收集調查環境資料後，由「自然生態」、「歷史人文」、「社會文明」、「社區建築」等四個面向進行社區環境共生度分析及SWOT分析，從而由目標面及現實面各依GPCN及SWOT策略研擬出甲、乙二個規劃改善方案，透過這兩個實際的都市住宅社區規劃改善方案的操作，再於第五章回饋修正第三章所建構之「都市住宅社區共生環境規劃模式」，確認規劃模式需兼顧規劃原則與評估準則，並依規劃流程操作，以引導規劃目標，確保規劃方案能達到共生環境品質，從而獲得都市住宅社區共生環境的規劃落實。
Technological civilization and ecological culture are expressions of human thoughts and wisdom. During the evolutionary process of technological civilization, the human society had perceived natural ecology and developed a natural interactive relationship between man and nature, which is, the concrete presentation of the ecological culture. In short, during the hunting period, man was inclined toward and associated with lands and natural resources; after the agricultural period, “The Teleological Theory of Natural Ecology” was proposed in the west while “Unit at One Concept” was promoted in the east. The mountains and waters, the rice fields and garden sceneries were directly integrated into the rural landscape to achieve the harmonious residential mode of human and nature. However, after industrial civilization, the relationship between man and nature transformed from “natural and ecological” into “self-centeredness of man”, from “Going along with nature and co-existing with nature” to “conquering nature and economy-oriented” causing the present problems such as failure in contemporary residential community to co-exist with the environment, specifically, global climatic change, heat island effect, traffic congestion, energy wastage, environmental pollution, inadequate urban disaster mitigation plan, and lack of interpersonal bonding inside community etc. They are manifestations of Ekistics developments being deviated from Ecology and Anthropology, thus, the importance of ecological culture has once again been pondered upon.
In accordance with the evolutionary changes that take place in aggregate settlement during the process of civilization, this study focuses on co-existence environment planning at community levels. The concept of “co-existence” in Ecology has been cited so that planned theoretic construction of the natural environment and man-made environment may find a way to co-exist and mutually benefit in harmony. Natural resources are sought by mean of benefit maximization at the same time minimizing destruction to the natural environment. therefore, taking urban residential communities and characteristics of the Taiwan region into consideration, a suitable co-existing environment planning model in the Taiwan area is expected to be established in order to provide planning designers respective planning strategies during environmental planning, and implement the actual co-existing environment setup.
Based on the bibliographic review cited in Chapter 2, this study is supported by gigantic figures such as C.A.Doxiadis, Kisho Kurokawa, and Chen Ching-Tju etc. Experiences of the Taiwan Green Architecture system, Environmental co-existing residential units in Japan and co-existence between the traditional rural settlement and the environment have been adopted. A suitable co-existing environmental planning model ideal for the humid climate in Taiwan and the high-density community development is constructed in Chapter 3. Other than taking “Natural ecology” into consideration, “History and Humanity”, “social civilization” and “community architecture” aspects have also been incorporated into part of the discussion in the “co-existing environmental planning model” that is applicable in Taiwan. 17 items of planning principles and 60 items of assessment items have been setup; 24 items of co-existing factors have been compiled to serve as reference during degree of co-existence assessment, which will be used interchangeably and self-assessment will be carried out by plan designers during urban residential community planning. The “co-existence environment” is expected to be constructed under these 4 major principles.
Furthermore, through the actual operation of “Yue Chang Community” nearby Fu Hsing Gang MRT Station, Beitou District, Taipei City in Chapter 4 using the planning procedure operations setup by this study, after the environmental; investigation data has been collected, the degree of environmental co-existence analysis” and SWOT analysis have been conducted from 4 aspects namely “natural ecology”, “history and humanity”, “social civilization”, and” community architecture.” In view of the “target goal aspect” and “actual situation aspect”, Improvement Plan 1 and 2 have been formulated in accordance with GPCN and SWOT strategies. Through “Community Co-Existence Planning Improvement Plan” implementation, “Urban Residential Community Co-Existing Environmental Planning Model” construction and related recommendations have been amended and revised in Chapter 5. |
