| 摘要: | 高齡者在社會中扮演著照護幼兒與傳承經驗的重要角色，但科技的進步卻使 高齡者逐漸成為弱勢，都市環境令高齡者感到不舒適與不方便，然而在全球高齡 化與都市化的趨勢下，特別需要友善且便利的生活環境，以彌補高齡者在社會變 遷與自身生理變化所帶來的不便，成為當今都市環境研究之首要議題。依據本計 畫持人前年度國科會研究(NSC 102-2410-H-034-041)成果發現，在 TOD 環境中， 步行路網之物理與環境特性等因子會對於一般民眾產生步行意願之影響，係以通 用性原則進行探討，無法符合弱勢族群高齡者的需求，本計畫為求建構一個高齡 友善之 TOD 運輸環境，進而促進高齡者身心健康，本計畫將從三個層次全國、都 市與車站地區為研究範圍，分為如下三個年度進行探討。 第一年度旨在建立台灣高齡友善 TOD 運輸環境之評估指標，首先將 TOD 設計 理念與高齡者步行需求相結合，以台灣五大都市環境為研究對象，以模糊德爾菲 法(FDM)界定出 TOD 高齡友善指標的相互影響關係，藉此從高齡者的角度探討其對 於友善運輸環境之喜好，並以分析網絡程序法(ANP)建立出評估指標，並評估五大 都市高齡友善程度，以供各都市未來發展高齡友善 TOD 環境之參考。如此雖能提 供台灣朝向高齡友善都市發展，但亦僅著重於國土與區域之尺度，尚未考量到都 市內 TOD 環境對於高齡者的個體影響，據此本計畫續擬第二年度計畫進行。 第二年度旨在探討高齡友善 TOD 運輸環境與高齡者身心健康之影響關係，以 空間型構法則(space syntax)為基礎，結合 102 年度之研究成果，加入物理特性 與環境特徵，以台北捷運 104 個 TOD 區為研究對象，探討 TOD 高齡友善各項指標 與高齡者需求之關係；其中以階層線性模式(HLM)與結構方程模式(SEM)分別分析 TOD 運輸環境對高齡者身心健康之影響，在過程中充分了解高齡者個體旅運之需 求，供後續研究反應到 TOD 環境設計，以期研擬出因應 TOD 老齡化之發展對策。 第三年度旨在建構 TOD 高齡友善步行與運輸環境之土地使用規劃模型，本計 畫為使第一年度與第二年度之研究成果，能更有系統地反應至土地使用與 TOD 步 行環境設計上，進一步以多目標數學規劃法（MOP）為基礎，並以高度老齡化且低 度友善的場站為例(西門站 TOD 區與龍山寺站 TOD 區)，設計出高齡友善、最佳步 行環境為目標，高齡導向空間便捷為限制之土地使用配置與步行路線之規劃，以 營造出友善環境，繼而提升高齡者步行意願，改善高齡者身心健康，落實台灣朝 向高齡友善的 TOD 運輸環境之永續發展理念
The elderly people play an important role in the society for taking care of preschool kids and passing heritage experiences on. But as technology becomes more and more advanced, the elderly have been pushed into the disadvantageous group, enjoying no comfort or convenience from the technological benefits. Meanwhile, population aging and community urbanization have been the global trend, making friendly and convenient living environment desperately desirable to make up the elderly for their inadaptability to the social changes and the inconvenience resulted from their weakened physical capabilities. The research of previous year (NSC 102- 2410 - H - 034 - 041) is focused on the environmental features of the TOD walkway network, as well as the impact of these featured elements have on the general public. Its discussion is based on macro-observation, thus leaving behind the essential features and requirements of a friendly city for the elderly. As a result, simply absent is discussion on how to enhance the physical and mental health of the elderly by improving the urban conditions in response to the aging phenomena that TOD faces. For Taiwan to develop sustainable TOD urbanization, this project will be divided into 3 yearly phases to study different contents and objects, respectively. The first year is aimed to establish the evaluation indicators for a friendly TOD environment for the Taiwan elderly. To begin with, the TOD design ideas are combined with the walk needs of the elderly. The urban environments of the major five cities of Taiwan are taken as the study objects. And the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) is used to define the indicators for the elderly friendliness. The features of an elderly-friendly TOD environment is then set forth in order to take the elderly people's perspectives to view their preferences for friendly transportation environments. Finally, the analytical network process (ANP) is used to set up the evaluation indicators which, hopefully, will be referenced in the future for the development of elderly-friendly TOD cities. These indicators, however, are built on an urban scale, and elements of TOD environmental impact on elderly individuals are yet to be taken into considerations. This individual observation is left to the 2nd yearly phase of the project. In the second yearly phase, the TOD factors of walk and transportation environment are studied to see their impact on the physical and mental health of the elderly. To begin with, the space syntax method is used as the foundation to take in the study result from the previous year, and the environmental features of the 104 Taipei MRT stations are added as the study objects. Through the analysis of the TOD walkway network, the indicators for TOD friendliness on elderly individuals are decided. In the analysis, the hierarchical linear modeling and structural equation modeling are used to identify the TOD walk environment factors that affect the physical and mental health of the elderly. The entire analytical process fully takes into consideration of the needs of elderly individuals. This individuality schema can be reflected in subsequent studies for TOD design in response to the population aging issues. The 3rd year is to build a TOD walk and transportation model that is friendly to the elderly. To systematically apply the results of the 1st and 2nd year studies to the scenarios of land use and urban TOD design, the multi-objective programming (MOP) is taken as the basis, and MRT stations featured with more elderly people and less friendly environment are taken for examples, to decide how to design the surrounding lands for the creation of an optimal walk environment for the elderly to willingly take walks. Finally, the evaluation indicators and planning models for creating an elderly-friendly TOD are constructed, all for the fulfillment of a sustainable TOD that is friendly to the elderly in Taiwan. |
