| 摘要: | 國内外的研究指出，兩性的薪資差距雖仍存在，但有逐漸減少之趨勢，反而是女性 之間的薪資差距仍相當顯著，因此，晚近西方學者提出「母職」可能是影響女性之間薪 資差距的關鍵因素。相關研究指出女性長期負擔子女的主要照顧工作，其可能因此中斷 工作或影響其工作上的投入，或減少工作時間、選擇對母職友善的工作等，此皆可能不 利於其人力資本的累積，或者雇主因而傾向於認為其缺乏生產力，故給予較低的薪資報 酬。因此，西方研究者提出「母職薪資懲罰」之概念來解釋子女照顧工作對女性薪資的 負面影響。在探討此研究主題時，西方的研究主要運用「綜合樣本迴歸」或「固定效果 迴歸」的統計分析方法，除此兩種統計方法，本研究進一步運用「階層線性模式」分析 母職對女性薪資之影響。運用「華人家庭動態資料庫」2000至2011年的追蹤調查資料， 本研究主要分析台灣女性之間薪資差距之現象及成因，特別著重於探討母職對台灣女性 薪資差距之影響，比較並分析綜合樣本迴歸、固定效果迴歸及階層線性模式在此問題之 解釋力。
Previous studies have indicated that gender wage gap between men and women has declined during the last two decades in the Western societies and Taiwan. However, the wage gap of women with different marital status has remained highly significant. Given the equally persistent correlation of marital status and motherhood throughout the Western societies, it would seem that motherhood may indeed be a critical event behind much of the gender wage gap. Because women generally take on the major responsibility of childcare, women’s effort and productivity on the job might fall. Or even if productivity does not fall, employers might consider mothers as less productive. Furthermore, mothers are more likely to leave labor market permanently or work discontinuously. They tend to reduce work hours, reject the opportunities of promotion, or change to the “mother-friendly” jobs. These might reduce their accumulation of human capital. Therefore, researchers have developed “motherhood wage penalty” to explain the effects of childcare on the wages of women. Most prior researchers have used pooled OLS regression or fixed-effect regression to examine the association between motherhood and lower wages have been offered. In addition to pooled OLS regression and fixed-effect regression, this research has also used Hierarchical Linear Modeling to investigate the effects of motherhood on women’s wages. Using 2000 to 2011 Panel Study of Family Dynamics, this study is designed to examine the effects of childcare on the wages of women in Taiwan. The author compares the explanatory power of the three statistical methods above in explaining motherhood wage penalty in Taiwan. |
