集會遊行資料蒐集與個人資料保護之研究-以德國相應法制發展為借鏡

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題名:	集會遊行資料蒐集與個人資料保護之研究-以德國相應法制發展為借鏡 Research on Information Collection in Assembly and Procession and Personal Information Protection-Use German Relevant Law System as a Model
作者:	李寧修
貢獻者:	法律學系
關鍵詞:	資訊隱私權個人資料自主控制權集會遊行權利個人資料保護資料蒐集警察職權行使法
日期:	2014-2015
上傳時間:	2014-08-07 10:15:06 (UTC+8)
摘要:	資訊隱私權與集會遊行權利皆被定位為憲法基本權利之類型：人民得自主決定是否揭露其個人資料、及在何種範圍內、於何時、以何種方式、向何人揭露，並有權知悉且控制其個人資料的使用；同時，人民得以集會或遊行的方式，表達意見並宣揚理念、訴求。惟上述兩種基本權利之類型，均非不得以法律予以適當限制，觀諸警察職權行使法第 9條規定，警察就人民參與集會遊行之行為，若依事實足認其對公共安全或秩序有危害之虞時，於活動期間，得予攝影、錄音或以其他科技工具，蒐集參與者現場活動資料，此種透過國家公權力之行使，強制蒐集個人資料之行為，無疑是對於個人資料自主控制權利的侵害，更有可能對於人民集會遊行權利之行使帶來「寒蟬效應」，因而，國家於集會遊行中的資料蒐集行為與人民的個人資料保護間，應如何妥適權衡折衝，即為本研究欲進一步探討之主題。另，觀諸德國聯邦憲法法院第 1庭於 2009年 2月 17日就巴伐利亞邦集會遊行法所引發是否抵觸德國基本法之爭議作成之裁定(1 BvR 2492/08)中，宣告 2008年公布施行之巴伐利亞邦集會遊行法部分條文暫時停止適用，理由之一即認為該法擴張集會遊行資料蒐集職權之規定有抵觸德國基本法所保障資訊自決權的疑慮，其進一步就國家公權力在集會遊行中蒐集資料應謹守的分際，有精彩的論述，深具參考價值。本研究擬由此切入，就德國相應法制之新近發展予以介評，期得作為我國相關理論與法制發展之借鏡。 The right of information privacy and the right of assembly and parade have been considered as indispensable fundamental rights of the Constitution. As far as the right of information privacy is concerned, people have the right to decide whether or not to disclose their personal information, and, if so, to what extent, at what time, in what manner and to what people such information will be disclosed. It is also designed to guarantee that the people have the right to know and control how their personal information will be used. In addition, according to Article 14 of the Consitution, people can express opinions and advocate ideas by means of assembly and parades. Nevertheless, the Constitution does not make the above rights absolute, which means that the Nation may impose appropriate restrictions on such rights by enacting unambiguous laws. As stated in Act. 9 under Police Authority Performing Act , Police has the power to collect participants’ information by videotaping, recording, or by other technology tools if sufficient evidence shows it is possible that public safety and order could be endangered. This compelled information collecation behavior not only invades self-control right of personal information but also causes „chilling effect“ while exercising the right of assembly and parade. Therefore, how to achieve a proper balabce between information collection behavior and personal information protection, will be discussed in this research. Moreover, the first senate of the German Federal Constutitional Court made a decision on February 17, 2009 about whether Bavarian Assembly Act conflicts with the German Basic Law(1 BvR 2492/08). It states that the application for a temporary injunction in the matter of the Bavarian Assembly Act succeeds in part. One of the reasons is that Bavarian Assembly Act expands the limit of information collection by authority was considered as discordance with the information determination right that was protected by German Basic Laws. The point of view about the boundry of the power for police observation and documentation has great reference value. Together wih the relevant developments of German Laws will be observed and expected to serve as the model of the relevant researches and legal system developments to our country.
顯示於類別:	[法律學系暨法律學研究所] 研究計畫

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