| 摘要: | 背景與動機：內皮前驅細胞 (endothelial precursor cells, EPCs) 係由骨髓分化而來，具修復血管內皮層與促進血管新生，維持內皮功能完整，並提供組織足夠血液灌流之功能。目前已知運動可提升內皮前驅細胞的數量，但爆發式阻力訓練對誘發血管內皮前驅細胞 (EPCs) 進行修護、造成內皮血管損傷而剝落的血循環內皮細胞 (circulating endothelial cells, CECs) 指標，及疲勞生物指標的效應仍待探討。目的：本研究旨在探討不同爆發力上膊運動對血管內皮損傷及疲勞生物指標的變化。方法：本研究以自願參與、健康良好且有一年阻力訓練經驗的大學公開組男子籃球隊15名 (19.29 ± 1.30歲) 學生為受試者。依據重複量數與平衡次序分成二組：傳統爆發力上膊 (traditional power clean, TPC) 為控制組與間歇爆發力上膊 (cluster power clean, CPC) 為實驗組。TPC組：組數進行8組，反覆次數5下，強度85% 1RM，反覆次數間隔休息時間0秒，組間休息間隔240秒。CPC組：組數進行8組，反覆次數5下，強度85% 1RM，反覆次數間隔休息時間30秒，組間休息間隔120秒。兩組組間休息均採靜態恢復休息方式。在進行實驗前一週進行3 RM最大肌力的評估並換算為1 RM。本研究經人體試驗暨研究倫理審查通過實施。受試者採血與分析方式有二：以留滯針採血，使用流式細胞儀分析EPCs與CECs、乾式分析儀分析生物指標，其採血點為運動前、運動後立即、10、30、60分鐘和24小時，每次採血3 c.c.；指尖採血進行乳酸分析，其採血點為運動前、運動後立即、運動後3、5、7、10分鐘，每次採血0.3 c.c.。統計方式採二因子混合設計 (two-way ANOVA, mixed design) 比較TPC組與CPC組為自變項對 EPCs、CECs及免疫生物指標，如肌酸激酶 (creatine-phospho-kinase, CPK) 、乳酸脫氫酶 (lactic dehydrogenase, LDH) 、麩胺草醋酸轉氨酶 (aspartate glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GOT) 、 C反應蛋白酶 (C- reactive protein, CRP) 、血清尿素氮 (serum urea nitrogen, SUN) 及肌酸酐 (creatinine, CRE) 為依變項的差異。結果：(1) TPC組誘發EPCs數量高於CPC組，但未達顯著差異 (F=2.84，p > .05) ；TPC組與CPC組之EPCs最高峰值出現在運動後第10分鐘； (2) TPC組誘發CECs數均顯著高於CPC組 (F=835.14，p<.05) ，而兩組最高峰值均出現在運動後第30分鐘； (3) TPC組與CPC組運動前後的心跳率、舒張壓、收縮壓與脈搏變化均呈顯著差異 (p<.05) 。(4) TPC組與CPC組的乳酸值呈顯著差異 (F=1179.29, p<.05) ，TPC組誘發最高的血乳酸峰值出現於運動後第3分鐘 (9.87±1.98 mmol/L) ，CPC組峰值則出現在運動後立即 (6.53±0.62 mmol/L) ；(5) 在肌肉損傷指標方面：CPC組在CPK、LDH及GOT各抽血點均高於TPC組，但均未達顯著差異；CPK最高值均出現在運動後24小時；LDH最高值，TPC組出現在運動後的60分鐘，CPC組則出現在運動後立即；兩組GOT最高值均出現在運動後立即。 (6) 在疲勞指數方面：CRP數據均低於本研究使用儀器之標準檢測值下 (0.3 U/L) ，故無法判別兩組上膊對CRP的變化與影響，血清尿素氮/肌酸酐 (SUN/CRE) 比值先呈現下降趨勢，隨後上升，TPC組最高值出現於運動後第60分鐘，而CPC組出現在運動前。身體組成分析數據顯示，兩組均有顯著脫水現象，TPC組降低1.70±0.42公斤 (t=15.71，p<.05) ，CPC組降低1.21±0.44公斤 (t=10.74，p<.05) 。結論：在接受相同上膊強度運動下，調控運動組間與反覆次數間的休息時間，對於誘發EPCs、CECs及其它免疫生物指標則有不同的反應。因CPC造成血管內皮損傷與疲勞程度較TPC小，故屬於安全性較高且破壞血管較小的上膊運動。
Background: Bone marrow-derived, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contributed to the maintenance of endothelial function and organ perfusion by mechanisms ranging from endothelial repair to angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Although exercise has been observed to modulate EPCs numbers in the circulating blood, yet no data were available so far on the amounts of circulating EPCs and circulating endothelial cells (CECs) responses to the power clean exercise. Purpose: The current study investigated the effects of traditional power clean (TPC) and interval cluster power clean (CPC) on the mobilization of EPCs and CECs subsets into the peripheral blood compartment and biomarkers of muscular damage and fatigue. Methods: Fifteen collegiate male basketball players (19.29 ± 1.30 years old) were recruited and randomly distributed and underwent two different configurations of power clean: Traditional power clean (TPC): Total volume = 8 sets x 5 repetitions x 80% of 1 RM (intensity) with intra-set rest: 240 seconds and inter-repetition rest interval: 0 second; Interval cluster power clean (CPC): Total volume = 8 sets x 5/1 repetitions x 80% of 1RM (intensity) with intra-set rest: 120 seconds and inter-repetition rest interval: 30 seconds. After signing the inform consent form for this study, the physical activity readiness questionnaire (PAR-Q) and 3 repetitions of one maximum muscular strength were accessed for the selected subjects prior to the study, and blood pressure and heart rate values were monitored during conducting each protocol. This research has been approved by Mackay Memorial Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval of clinical trial. The means of blood drawing were divided into vein detained needle on forearm using 3 c.c. venous blood samples which were drawn in-time, and at 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 24 hours after completing condition protocol for testing EPCs and immunological biomarkers; meanwhile, fingertip puncture to test the capillary blood samples for lactate concentration were obtained immediately, and at 3, 5, 7, as well as 10 minutes after exercise. Blood samples for measurement of EPCs and CECs were analyzed by three-color flow cytometry and biomarkers of muscular damage and fatigue such as creatine-phospho-kinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), C- reactive protein (CRP), serum urea nitrogen, (SUN), and creatinine (CRE) were measured by Fuji Dri-Chen Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mixed design was used to exam the differences between two configurations as independent variables and physiological biomarkers as dependent variables. Results: 1) TPC elicited higher amounts of EPCs than CPC, but not shown significant difference (F=2.84, p>.05); meanwhile the highest value of both two exercises in EPCs appeared at 10 minutes after performing each power clean configuration. 2) CPC elicited higher amounts of CECs than TPC and shown significant difference (F=835.14, p <.05). Otherwise, the peak value of CECs of both two groups appeared at 30 minutes after exercise. 3) The values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly affected by TPC and CPC protocols (p<.05). 4) The blood lactate did differ between TPC and CPC configuration (F=1179.29, p<.05) and the peak value of TPC appeared at 3 minutes (9.87±1.98 mmol/L) but CPC at immediately (6.53±0.62 mmol/L) after exercise. 5) In aspect of muscular damage biomarkers: The average CPK, LDH, and GOT values of CPC group were higher than TPC group without showing significant difference (p>.05). The highest value of CPK of TPC and CPC presented at 24 hours. LDH of TPC obtained the highest value at 60 minutes, but CPC at in-time after exercise. The highest value of GOT in both group appeared at in-time. 6) For fatigue-induced biomarkers: CRP was below the detected value (0.3 U/L) by the chemical analyzer, so this research cannot prove the effects of two protocols on CRP. The highest ratio of SUN/CRE of TPC was at 60 minutes but CPC appeared at before the exercise. 7) Both two groups also caused dehydration significantly. TPC decreased 1.70±0.42 kg (t=15.71, p<.05) and CPC decreased 1.21±0.44 kg. Conclusion: This study clarified the effects of TPC and CPC with intervening different rest interval between each set or per repetition on EPCs, CECs and biomarkers of muscular damage and fatigue. It elucidated that the interval cluster power clean was indeed a safer and physical activity-friendly exercise relevant to enhance the endothelial functions. |
