| 摘要: | 近年來各國多國籍企業(MNE)蓬勃發展，其技術移轉確為致勝的關鍵因素，在美、日、荷多國籍企業不同的文化管理之下，其技術移轉與企業競爭力間的關係，過去較少有實證研究加以說明。本研究的目的是探討多國籍企業技術移轉與企業競爭力之關係，此外，進一步探討多國籍企業異文化管理對技術移轉與企業競爭力關係之干擾影響。
本研究採用判斷抽樣方式，針對美、日、荷多國籍企業在台電子業，外來投資10年以上，資本額新台幣1億元以上的子公司，全部以郵寄問卷方式收集資料。總共寄出236分問卷，回收112分問卷，有效問卷95分，回收率為40.2%。
研究結果顯示，母公司對地主國子公司投資，以專利、技術合作、以及授權的技術移轉，提升子公司的企業競爭力。母公司對子公司技術移轉成效的提升，必須選擇可提升員工士氣的管理制度。實證調查發現，採取第二文化管理，其技術移轉與企業競爭力最弱。為提高員工士氣，在福利制度、獎金制度以採取第三文化為最佳。而員工訓練、品管制度、行銷制度以採第一文化管理，技術移轉成效最好，最有企業競爭力。對員工教育訓練，必須加強外部獎勵效果、內心激勵效果，以提升外部獎勵之工作成果，並藉由員工教育訓練的一般教育訓練與世界市民教育訓練的加強，激發員工士氣，以提升企業的競爭力。
In recent years, MNE are prosperously developed, and technology transfer is the key success factor. There is no previous empirical study on the relationship between technology transfer and competitiveness of enterprises under the management of different cultures (for example, American, Japanese, or Dutch cultures). Therefore, the research objective is to explore the relationship between technology transfer and competitiveness of enterprises, and further discuss the moderating effect of cultural difference.
The study used judgement sampling to collect data from 236 companies. For the U.S., Japan, the Netherlands multinational enterprise in Taiwan electronics industry, foreign investment more than 10 years, the capital of NT $ 100 million or more subsidiaries These companies were listed in Department of Investment Division, Ministry of Economic Affairs in 2008. Two hundred and thirty-six companies were retained and a questionnaire were sent to each company. One hundred and twelve questionnaires were returned, and 95 were valid. The return rate was 40.2%.
The result shows that welfare system, and the bonus system are the best to take the third culture management. The staff training, quality control systems, and marketing systems adopt the first cultural, so technology transfer effectiveness of the best and most competitive enterprises. Education and training for employees, we must strengthen the effect of external reward, and inner incentive effect, to enhance education and training by the general staff training, and the world public education and training to strengthen and inspire staff morale, in order to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. |
