| 摘要: | 韓語之二重主語句的相關研究主要在探討句子當中主格重出的文法問題，對於學習韓語的外國人來說二重主語句的文法結構並非是容易理解的部分，一個句子當中的主語如果被錯誤解釋，儘管其他部分都有其正確了解，整個意思往往會被扭曲，這種情形對我們外國人來說是學習過程中經常發生的問題。
闗於二重主語句的研究，議論的核心問題就是針對「敘述節」所作的討論問題，也就是說以敘述語所敘述的對象定為主語。分析的作法上以「主-述關係」為基礎，產生所謂「大主語-小主語」的概念；然而在六十年代之後，接受「變形生成文法」理論，將所有的構造從兩個層面分析，也就是所謂「深層構造」與「表層構造」，在此，將深層構造視為意義上的構成，表層構造則視為表現上的秩序形式。於是乎二重主語句被當作是一種敘述節中內包文形式的複文結構，也就是不承認二重主語句的傾向，而以「主格重出與主題化」的說法為學術主流。
但是對於學習韓語的外國人來說無論是變形生成文法的深層構造或是主格重出與主題化的學說，都是很難理解與區分的問題，為使外國人更容易理解，筆者於是以統辭論、意味論加以分析，配合中文文法表現方式，提出「二重主語句與歸屬關係」方案，試圖解決迷思。
兩個主語間的歸屬關係可分為四種，一是最普遍的「屬格」；二是「對格」； 三是「與、處格」；四是關於「否定句」的情況。
因為主語本身是敘述語所要形容的要素，同時主語帶著成為動詞主或是成為敘述語對象的關係，反過來說主語必須滿足敘述語的選擇制約，這樣的觀點來看二重主語句應不是敘述節中的內包文，於是在表層構造上帶有相同主格標誌的「第一名詞」和「第二名詞」，從深層構造中可以發現二重主語句隨著敘述語的特性，句子中的第一名詞是歸屬於第二名詞或是第二名詞歸屬於第一名詞，兩者間有著這樣的歸屬特性存在。
The primary aim of this thesis is to examine the double nominative in Korean grammar. For foreigners who learn Korean language, one of the most difficult subjects is to correctly identify main nominative in sentences since in Korean language double nominative sentences are very often used. There have been quite a few research in this area and many linguists analyze double nominative as the former nominative, the subject, and the later, the complement. In this analysis, the former nominative is NP of sentence, and the other is NP of predicate. Following the theoretical approach above, the double nominative is named such as the big one and the small one, mostly.
However, another theoretical approach, mainly influenced by theory of transformational generative grammar, prevails on this area which prefers desolving the double nominative as the problem of topic-comment transformation based on analysis of deep structure. The topic transformation in Korean is a certain subjecticalization, which is accomplished when the NP added ‘nun/un’ is placed on the head of sentences. Consequently the other NP has a comment-characteristic in sentence. This transformational generative grammar approach in explaining the double nominative is too difficult for foreigners to comprehend, and this paper attempts to hypothesize functional relationship of double nominative between NP1 and NP2, much of which theoretical explanations come from the transformational generative grammar. In this case, either NP1 or NP2 can be a subject of sentence depending on predicate of sentence, but NP1 and NP2 can’t be independent from one another, one going under the other or vice versa in several meaningful ways. It’s certain that this attempt makes foreigners easier to comprehend the problem of the double nominative, helping them to identify semantically correct subject correspondent to predicate of sentence. |
