| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解受保護管束少年步入歧途背後的家庭親子狀況、以及自身情緒調整的情形；並探討家庭親子關係、家人處理情緒的模式，是否於少年情緒調整策略與成熟度有關？本研究主要採質性研究之深入訪談法來蒐集資料，共訪談三位受保護管束少年，訪談後並針對資料進行分析；研究結果則分別呈現三位受訪者的家庭親子關係及情緒處理策略。研究結果發現如下：
一、由於受保護管束少年的家庭多處於社經條件不利之狀況，渠等家庭在多重壓力的影響下，家庭系統中的基石--「婚姻次系統」往往因禁不住考驗而無法發揮應有功能，進而影響家庭其他次系統的溝通態樣與界限，形成緊張衝突的親子關係，甚至出現子女「越界」代替父母、以努力維繫家庭動力平衡的狀況。
二、受保護管束少年的父母，在面對負向情緒事件時，往往並未樹立一個好的角色模範及情緒處理的示範，導致影響子女在不自覺中亦複製了與父母雷同的情緒處理方式。惟隨著年齡及自主能力的增加，受保護管束少年在情緒調整策略的運用上，明顯有成長改變的傾向。此外，男女性別的不同，亦是影響個體採取不同情緒調整策略之關鍵。
三、受保護管束少年雖然多成長於互動關係緊張的家庭、擁有不堪的成長經驗，但倘若生命中有機會經驗到「重要他人」的鼓勵，仍可激發其努力向上、改變親子關係之動力；詳言之，親子關係雖必然影響到個人情緒調整策略的運作過程，但個人情緒調整策略之發展卻不必然受制於親子關係之牽動，此點亦突顯「重要他人」在這類少年生命中適時賦權使能（empower）的重要性，以及學校、社會可以介入努力的方向。
再者，研究者從反思中覺察，處身於社經條件不利、親子衝突頻繁家庭中成長之少年，雖然因曾受有法院之保護管束處分、以及學校認定有中輟之虞此標籤化的影響，看似其情緒調整能力低於一般青少年，惟與之深入建立關係後始發現，他們企圖成長與改變的心理動力與能量並不下於、甚至高於同齡的青少年，此傾向從其情緒調整策略明顯改變可以窺知。
最後，研究者並據上述研究結果提供若干建議，作為教育主管當局、各級學校及少年法院輔導工作者、未來研究者之參考依據。
This study aims at understanding family parent-child conditions behind delinquent probationers who stray away and their own emotional adjustment. In addition, we will discuss whether the family parent-child relationship and emotion handling of family members effects the youngsters’ emotional regulation strategy and maturity or not. This research conducts depth interview method on three delinquent probationers to collect qualitative data and the data is analyzed afterwards. The results present the family parent-child relationship and emotion handling method. The findings of this research are as follows：
1.The family of the delinquent probationer in Kinmen is generally in unfavorable social and economic conditions. Under these pressures, the foundation stone of a family -- marital subsystem cannot bring into full play; as the result, the communication of other subsystem is limited and the parent-child relationship turns into nervousness and conflict. Some cases even show that children step beyond the boundary to substitute for their parents in holding together the dynamic balance in the family.
2.The delinquent probationer’s parent did not establish a role model while handling negative emotions, and causes their children to imitate the emotion handling method unconsciously. However, with the increase of the age and independent ability, the delinquent probationer in the application of emotional regulation strategy tends to grow up and change obviously. In addition, the men or women's sex also plays an important role in adopting emotional regulation strategies.
3.Most delinquent probationers grew up in the families that each member interacts with tension and had bad experiences while growing up. However, if they experience urge from “significant others”, they can still strive to better their parent-child relation. In detail, the parent-child relation will affect the process of emotional regulation strategy but the development of emotional regulation strategy does not need to be restricted by parent-child relationship. This point emphasizes that “significant others” can empower these youngster’s life in the right time, and the directions of efforts which the school and society can get involved.
Moreover, the researcher is aware that the teenager who has grown up in a family with poor social and economic conditions as well as abounding with parent-offspring's conflict once received the protection punishment of the court, the school asserts that the delinquent teenager because his poor influence will most likely stop school halfway, and his emotional regulation ability will be lower than the average teenager’s. However, only after establishing the deep relationship with the teenager, I will find he has a motivational force and energy that enable him to grow up and change, even higher than the teenagers of the same age. This inclination can be known and understood by the obvious change of his emotional regulation strategy. Finally, the researcher of this study also brought up suggestions based on the above-mentioned result for educational ministries, schools, juvenile court counselors, and future researchers to refer to. |
