| 摘要: | 隨著外部環境快速變遷，旅行社為維持競爭優勢，提升員工創造力為一重要課題。依據過往文獻得知，工作特性是影響員工創造力的重要因素。然而，旅行社不同職務分類的工作特性是否亦影響員工的創造力？乃是值得研究課題。所以本研究旨在探討工作特性與員工創造力之間的關係，同時引入「創造性人格特質」、「組織鼓勵」作為控制變數，以釐清二者之間的關係。本研究以總公司設立於台北市的63家綜合旅行社為研究範圍，其專任領隊、業務人員、線控人員及作業人員為取樣對象，透過變異數分析及階層複迴歸分析來進行實證分析。
研究結果顯示：就總體而言，不同職務在工作特性與創造力特性上的確有顯著差異，且工作特性對員工創造力有顯著性的正向關係。就職務分類而言，專任領隊方面：「工作重要性」、「自主性」、「回饋性」是影響員工創造力主要特質。線控人員方面：「技能多樣性」、「工作重要性」、「自主性」是影響員工創造力主要特質。作業人員方面：「技能多樣性」與「工作完整性」是影響員工創造力主要特質。銷售人員方面：「工作完整性」、「自主性」、「回饋性」是影響員工創造力主要特質。本研究驗證工作特性與員工創造力之間的理論架構，並提出對後續研究與管理實務上的建議。
As the environment varies so rapidly, how to enhance employee creativity becomes an important issue for maintain edge of travel agencies. According to literature review, job characteristic is an important component of creativity. However, does job characteristic among different job types also lead to different employee creativity? It is worth studying this topic. So the purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between job characteristics and employee creativity. In order to purify the relationship, the variables of creative personality and organization encouragement are taken as control variables, and commenced by using questionnaire with employees of consolidated travel agencies in Taipei. The employees were included tour manager, route controller, salesperson, and operations. We will adopt ANOVA and multiple regression to examine the relationship among variables.
Overall, the result indicates that job characteristics would lead to employee creativity. For tour manager, this study finds that task significance, autonomy and feedback have significantly positive relationships with employee creativity. For route controller, this study finds that skill variety, task significance and autonomy have significantly positive relationships with employee creativity. For operations, this study finds that skill variety and task identity have significantly positive relationships with employee creativity. For salesperson, task identity, autonomy and feedback have significantly positive relationships with employee creativity. The results in the study may offer researchers to get better understanding between the job characteristics and employee creativity, and through this empirical examination, practical implications are discussed. |
