網際網路著作權保護之研究 —以維基百科運作模式為中心

CCUR > College of Law > Department of Law & Graduate Institute of Law > thesis > Item 987654321/27043

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://irlib.pccu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/27043

Title:	網際網路著作權保護之研究 —以維基百科運作模式為中心 A Study on Online Copyright Protection: Centered on The Operating Model of Wikipedia
Authors:	沈冠宇
Contributors:	法律學系碩士在職專班
Keywords:	言論自由著作權維基百科公眾授權條款 Freedom of Speech Copyrights Wikipedia General Public License
Date:	2013
Issue Date:	2014-03-07 11:25:34 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	聯合國世界人權宣言提到「人人有權享受主張、發表意見的自由；此項權利包括持有主張而不受干涉的自由，和通過任何媒介和國界尋求、接受和傳遞消息和思想的自由。」但言論自由並非無限上綱，除了法律的限制外，與其他權利亦有衝突可能，著作權就是一例。著作權法自西元1710年英國之安妮法案開始，著作權保護意識逐漸擴大，然而隨著數位化之網路時代來臨，網路著作之保護亦趨困難，言論與著作之分際再難以區分，而為解決伯恩公約之後，網際網路數位化科技對於傳統著作權法所產生之衝擊，聯合國所屬之世界智慧財產權組織對此一問題提出相關條約及解釋，其影響了美國數位千禧年著作權法案及我國著作權法。我國著作權法之立法目的係為透過法律給予著作權人保護並藉由著作權人公開其著作之方式，使著作權人得以獲得一定之經濟利益，同時讓其他創作人能夠利用已公開之著作為基礎進而創作。在資訊充斥的時代裡，知識隨手可得，人與人間不再有距離，在這樣情況下，有認為應該釋放著作權，使知識變成公共財，惟在著作權人權益與公共利益間又該如何調整，除了合理使用的方式外，有無其他方式可保護著作權又兼顧公共利益？本文擬從維基百科的模式中去探討以公眾授權條款達到保護著作權人及促進著作利用的可能性，從契約、共同著作、著作人格權等面向各別以美國法與我國法做討論，最後再對我國法不足之部分提供了一些建議，期盼讓網路著作權人能利用公眾授權契約達到知識共享的目的並避免遭到侵權之風險，讓網路著作利用人除了以合理使用主張自己權益外，亦可在著作權人授權下利用著作，達到雙贏的局面。 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights mentioned, “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.” However, freedom of speech is not without limits. Other than being restricted by the laws, it may have conflict with other rights, and copyright is one example. Protection to copyright started from the British Statue of Anne in 1710. Awareness of copyright protection gradually expanded, but with the digitization of the Internet era, the protection over the work online is increasingly difficult to achieve, and that it is more difficult to distinguish between speeches and writings. To resolve the impact that Internet digital technology has brought toward the traditional copyright law underthe Berne Convention, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) of the United Nations has done some explanation and treaties whichhas affected the deveoplment of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) of the United States and the amendment of the copyright laws of our country. The primary objective of Taiwan’s Copyright Actis to offer legal protection for people who share their original works with the public and the use of such original works for others’inspirations and foundations to create another original work. In this era of information overload, knowledge is readily available and there is no distance between people. Under this circumstance, some believe that copyrights should be released and make knowledge a public property. However, it remains a question making adjustment between the rights of the copyright holders and the interest of the public: other than fair use of copyrights, is there any other ways to protect copyrights and the interests of the public at the same time? This thesis attempts to explore via Wikipedia the possibility of achieving copyright holder protection and facilitating the use of writings by using general public license. Contract, co-authoring, moral rights, and other dimensions are used to discuss the laws of the United States and Taiwan, and then suggestions are provided toward the parts which Taiwan’s laws are lacking. This thesis hopes that by using general public license the online copyright holders can achieve the goal of knowledge sharing while avoiding the risk of being infringed. Hense, users of the online writings will not only fairly use them to advocate their own rights, but also use the writings under the authorization of the original copyright holders, achieving a win-win situation.
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